ADMIRALTY OP  OP  OP
                            COMINCH  
  SEPTEMBER 1 1942    
  1829/1755    
  LAKIN/FIELD    
       
       
       
    1617/1           NCR 7805  
       
       
       
       
  COMINCH FROM ADMIRALTY.
   
  U-BOAT SITUATION PART 2.  DOG DOG EASYXRAYLOVE 26-44N 22W.
  AFIRMPREP EASYXRAYUNIT 25-47N 22W.  P/W FROM U-464 STATE
  THEIR U-BOAT WAS A SUPPLY U-BOAT OF 1600 TONS.  MAY BE
  TRUE, BUT ALSO STATE SPEED WAS 27 KNOTS.  ITALIAN U-BOAT
  ATTACKED BY A/C 010932 45N 06W REPORTED IN P/L THAT CAP-
  TAIN HAD BEEN KILLED, AND APPEARS TO BE MAKING FOR SPAN-
  ISH PORT.
   
   
  TWO COPIES TO F-34 FOR LTCOM. KNOWLES.
   
   
   
   
   
       
       
   
       
       
       
       

 

       
       
  F-35    
  COMINCH    
    ADMIRALTY                   RRRRR
  SEPTEMBER 1, 1942    
       
       
       
       
       
    011915  
       
       
       
  PRELIMINARY INFORMATION OAKVILLE VICTIM X ACTION TO ADMIRALTY FOR OIC X  
  FROM COMINCH X F-353 SERIAL NUMBER ELEVEN X TWENTY SIX SURVIVORS X INCLUDING  
  COMMANDING OFFICER OTTO ITES X NUMBER UNIT NINETY FOUR NO BIGRAM X CHIEF  
  ENGINEER HEINRICH MUELLER AND SECOND OFFICER WALTER SCHMIDT KILLED X  
  DEPARTED ST NAZAIRE 2 OR 3 AUGUST ARRIVED WINDWARD PASSAGE ABOUT 24 AUGUST  
  X SUNK 2300Q AUGUST 27 WITHOUT HAVING FIRED ANY TORPEDOES X REUTRNED IN 1941  
  TO ODER WERKE SETTIN FOR OVERHAUL PICKING UP ESCORT AT BERGEN ENROUTE X IN  
  GERMAN WATERS DURING DECEMBER 1941 X  
     
     
     
     
     
     
  F-353. . . . ORIG  
  . . . NO DISTRIBUTION . . .  
     
     
     
 
   
   
   
   
   

 

       
       
       
  ADMIRALTY  
                            COMINCH  
  2 SEPTEMBER 1942   DEFERRED
  2241/2037    
  ESTES    
  ROSS    
       
       
    1610Z/02  NCR 8679 PAGE 1 OF TWO
       
       
       
       
  MOST SECRET.  OIC SERIAL NUMBER 34.  COMINCH OIC
  SERIAL NUMBER 34 FROM ADMIRALTY.
   
  YOUR SERIAL NUMBER 11.
  UNIT 94 HAD BEEN ALLOCATED BIGRAM AFIRM AFIRM ON
  OUR RECORDS BUT NOT PASSED TO YOU BECAUSE HYPOTHETICAL.
  EASY ZED IS BIGRAM ALLOTED TO A U-BOAT WHICH SAILED
  FROM ST. NAZAIRE 2/8 WHICH WE THOUGHT MIGHT BE UNIT 656.
  CONSEQUENTLY WE SHALL NOW TENTATIVELY IDENTIFY UNIT 656
  AFIRM AFIRM AND LIQUIDATE EASY ZED WITH UNIT 94.
  YOUR SERIAL NUMBER 10 ALUSNA REPORT NOT RELIABLE.
  NEITHER OF THE SHIPS NAMED HAS LEFT BAY OF BISCAY
  EXCEPT POSSIBLY FOR ONE PERIOD OF LESS THAN 14 DAYS
  AND IT IS CERTAIN THAT SUPPLY SHIPS DO NOT OPERATE
  ON CRUISES OF 86 DAYS OR ANY SIMILAR DURATION.
   
   
       
       
   
       
       
       
       

 

       
       
       
     
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
    1610Z/02  NCR 8679 PAGE 2 OF TWO
       
       
       
       
  SINCE DECEMBER 1, 1941, THREE SHIPS, INCLUDING THE
  EX-SPEYBANK BUT OF UNCERTAIN IDENTITY AND
  APPEARANCES, WHICH ARE CAPABLE OF SUPPLYING U-BOATS
  HAVE LEFT BISCAY FOR DESTINATIONS UNKNOWN AND HAVE
  NOT YET RETURNED.
   
   
  2 COPIES DELIVERED TO F-34 FOR LT. CMDR. KNOWLES.
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
       
       
   
       
       
       
       

 

       
       
       
  ADMIRALTY  
                            COMINCH ROUTINE
  4 SEPT 1942    
  2355    
  LIGGETT/KEARNEY    
       
       
       
    1906Z/3             NCR 9549  
       
       
       
       
  COMINCH FROM ADMIRALTY.  MOST SECRET.  U-BOAT SITUATION
  PART 2.
  TWO U-BOATS OF AN UNUSUAL TYPE WITH SAME LENGTH AS 517 TON
  BOATS BUT MAXIMUM BEAM OF 25 FEET AGAINST 19 FEET AND MAX-
  IMUM BEAM AT DECK LEVEL OF 17 FEET AGAINST 12 FEET HAVE
  BEEN PHOTOGRAPHED RECENTLY IN ST NAZAIRE AND LORIENT.  ANAL-
  YSIS OF KIEL PHOTOGRAPHS SUGGESTS THAT A TOTAL OF 14 SUCH
  U-BOATS HAVE BEEN LAID DOWN OF WHICH 10 HAVE BEEN LAUNCHED
  BY BEGINNING OF AUGUST.  MAY BE MINELAYERS.  ONE IS THOUGHT
  TO HAVE LEFT ST NAZAIRE ABOUT 27/8 AND TO HAVE BEEN THE
  U-BOAT SIGHTED BY A/C S.W. OF LISBON ON 1/9 POSSIBLY BOUND
  FOR GIBRALTAR.  HAVE TAKEN OUT EASY MIKE ON THESE REPORTS.
  SMALL COASTAL CONVOY SOUTH OF LISBON ATTACKED TODAY.  HAVE
  ATTRIBUTED TO AFIRM DOG ASSUMED EASY XRAY SAIL TARE 28.
   
   
  TWO COPIES TO F-34 FOR LTCOM. KNOWLES.
       
       
   
       
       
       
       

 

       
       
       
  ADMIRALTY  
                            COMINCH  OIC SERIAL ROUTINE
  4 SEPT 1942   NO. 35  
  2351    
  MOORE/KEARNEY    
       
       
       
  1910Z/3 NCR 9553  
       
       
       
       
  COMINCH OIC SERIAL NUMBER 35 FROM ADMIRALTY.  MOST SECRET.
   
  AFIRM GEORGE AFIRM DOG UNIT 31
  OIC SERIAL NO. 35/DEPARTURE OF THIS U-BOAT WAS ESTIMATED IN
  MY 2014Z/1/8 ON STRENGTH OF A/C SIGHTING ON WESTBOUND OFF
  BREST ON 31/7.  NO SATISFATORY EVIDENCE LOCATING UNIT-BOAT
  AT ANY STAGE OF SUPPOSED CRUISE ESTIMATE OF WHICH NOW AP-
  PEARS TO HAVE BEEN WHOLLY ERRONEOUS.  GEORGE OPTION 410 AND
  GEORGE PREP 599 AFIRM DOG XRAY XRAY SAIL 29 FROM KIEL PROBABLY
  SAILED 30/8 FOR ATLAWRNHA GEORGE QUEEN 259 AND GEORGE ROGER
  216 AND GEORGE SAIL 617 EASY XRAY XRAY SAIL 31 FOR ATLANTIC.
  TWO OF ABOVE 5 BOATS WERE ATTACKED BY A/C NORTHEAST FAROES
  ON 2/9 AND 3/9.
   
   
  2 COPIES TO F-34 FOR LT COMDR KNOWLES.
   
       
       
   
       
       
       
       

 

       
       
  F-353(KAK)    
  COMINCH    
    ADMIRALTY                   RRRRR
  4 SEPTEMBER 1942.    
       
       
       
       
       
    04--31  
       
       
       
  ACTION TO ADMIRALTY FOR OIC X FROM COMINCH F-353 SERIAL NUMBER TWELVE X  
  LARGE NUMBER PRISONERS U-464 SUGGESTS POSSIBILITY SABOTEURS ABOARD X  
  CONFIRM X HMS VIMY RAMMED SUBMARINE 0055Z/04 12-19W 59-33W X 49 PRISONERS X  
  ETA TRINIDAD 1700Z/04 X  
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
  F-353. . . . ORIG  
  . . . NO DISTRIBUTION . . .  
     
     
     
 
   
   
   
   
   

 

       
       
  F-353(JHS)    
  COMINCH    
    ADMIRALTY          
  5 SEPTEMBER 1942.   DDDD
       
       
       
       
       
    051644  
       
       
       
  ACTION TO ADMIRALTY FOR OIC X FROM COMINCH X F-353 SERIAL NUMBER 13 X  
  SUMMARY OF OFFICIAL ASSESSMENT OF ATTACKS ON SUBS X ASSESSMENT EVALUATIONS  
  INDICATED BY PARAGRAPHS X PARA BAKER X USS TAUTOG 18-11N 166-54W 2025Z/26 APRIL  
  X USS NORTHLAND 65-05N 30-01W 1145Z/18 JUNE X PREP BAKER MIKE 1 FROM VICTOR PREP  
  74 32-50N 67-28W 1843Z/30 JUNE X AFIRM 20 AFIRM 59TH BOMB SQUADRON 12-50N 72-20W  
  1334Z/06 JULY X PARA DOG X BAKER 25 FROM 95TH BOMB SQUADRON 46-20N 124-45W  
  1620Z/24 DECEMBER X BAKER 25 AFIRM FROM 393 BOMB SQUADRON 39-35N 72-14W  
  2043Z/14 MAY X SS COLUMBIAN 07-18N 41-03W 0258Z/17 JUNE PARA EASY I USCG HERMES  
  37-28N 122-37W 2344Z/31 DECEMBER X SAIL BAKER DOG 3 FROM VICTOR SAIL 3 USS  
  SARATOGA 46N 125-45W 1240Z/23 MAY X USS SURPRISE 53-58N 21-45W 1624Z/26 APRIL X UGS  
  WINSLOW 02-23N 45-55W 2158Z/06 MAY X USS LEA 28-23N 80-01W 1213Z/08 MAY X OPTION  
  SAIL 2 UNIT 3 SCOUTING SQUADRON 1 DOG 1 42-20N 69-40W 1715Z/16 MAY X ZED NEGAT  
  PREP - KING 7 BLIMP 39-50N 73-08W 1917Z/18 JUNE X AFIRM 20 - AFIRM 59TH BOMB  
  SQUADRON 12-30N 71-05W 2246Z/05 JULY X PREP BAKER YOKE - 1 FROM VICTOR JIG 4  
  19-49N 73-41W 1130Z/16 JULY X  
     
     
     
  F-353. . . . ORIG  
. . . NO DISTRIBUTION . . .
   
   
   
   
   

 

       
       
       
  ADMIRALTY OIC 36  
                            COMINCH ROUTINE
  6 SEPTEMBER 1942    
  2117/1954    
  BORGAN/ROTH    
       
       
       
    1719Z/6    NCR 1621  
       
       
       
  (COMINCH FROM ADMIRALTY OPTION INT CAST SERIAL NUMBER 36.)
   
  MOST SECRET OPTION INT CAST SERIAL NUMBER 36.
  EASY YOKE AFIRM DOG UNIT 5.  CAST YOKE 572 AFIRM DOG
  PREP 3.  EASY SAIL 438 AFIRM DOG UNIT 2.  EASY OPTION AFIRM
  DOG UNIT 2 APPARENTLY DAMAGED CAUSE UNKNOWN.  EASY LOVE
  AFIRM DOG UNIT 5.  EASY WILLIAM AFIRM DOG UNIT 5.  CAST PREP
  AFIRM DOG PREP 4.  AFIRM EASY AFIRM DOG PREP 4 THEREFORE
  SUBSTITUTE NEW BIGRAM GEORGE TARE THROUGHTOUT PRESENT CRUISE
  HITHERTO ATTRIBUTED TO ARIRM EASY.  GEORGE UNIT 221 AND GEORGE
  VICTOR 258 AND GEORGE WILLIAM 440 AND GEORGE XRAY 618 AFIRM
  DOG XRAY SAIL 2 PRESUMED TO HAVE SAILED FOR ATLANTIC 3/9 NOW
  ESTIMATED NORTH FAROES.  CAST OPTION OF UNIT BOAT SUNK BY
  HMS PATHFINDER WAS WATTENBERG.  EASY PREP AFIRM DOG UNIT 4
  EXCEPTIONAL NUMBER OF ARRIVALS OF 500 TON UNIT BOATS MAY
  PORTEND INCREASED ACTIVITY NEAR GIBRALTAR.
  2 COPIES DELIVERED TO F-34 FOR LTCOM. KNOWLES.
   
   
       
       
   
       
       
       

 

       
       
       
  ADMIRALTY  
                            COMINCH ROUTINE
  6 SEPT 1942    
  2133    
  ESTES/KEARNEY    
       
       
       
    1849Z/6              NCR 1655  
       
       
       
       
  COMINCH FROM ADMIRALTY.
  MOST SECRET.  UNIT BOAT SITUATION PART 2.
  (A) AFIRM VICTOR EASY XRAY UNIT 5 47 NORTH 06 WEST  CAST DOG
  AND CAST GEORGE SIGHTED BY AIRCRAFT 060830 WESTBOUND OUT
  OF BREST HARBOUR UNDER ESCORT.
  (B)  BAKER BAKER EASY XRAY LOVE 2, 43 NORTH 12 WEST.
   
   
   
   
   
   
  2 COPIES TO F-34 FOR LT COMDR KNOWLES
   
   
   
   
       
       
   
       
       
       
       

 

       
       
       
  ADMIRALTY  
                            COMINCH ROUTINE
  8 SEPT 1942    
  0048/2303    
  ESTES/ROTH    
       
       
       
    1544A/7             NCR 2331  
       
       
       
       
  (COMINCH FROM ADMIRALTY.)
   
  YOUR 2015 MOST SECRET U/BOAT SITUATION PART 2.
  KING 0 NEGAT 9 TARE 1 BAKER 1 OPTIONNEGAT 9 UNIT 17 LOVE
  26 SAILTARE 12 PREP 10 MIKE 15 WILLIAM 110 SAILCAST 45
  OPTIONBAKER 13 OPTION EASY 36 GRAND TOTAL 358.  MY 1617Z/1
  ITALIAN U/B WAS GIULIANI.  WAS ATTACKED AGAIN ON 2/9
  AND WENT INTO SANTANDER BUT MAY HAVE LEFT AGAIN 4/9
  FOR BORDEAUX.
   
   
   
  2 COPIES DELIVERED TO F-34 FOR LTCOM. KNOWLES.
   
   
   
   
       
       
   
       
       
       
       

 

       
       
       
  ADMIRALTY PRIORITY
                            COMINCH  
  7 SEPTEMBER 1942    
  1822/1803    
  LEGGETTE/HUTCHINSON    
       
       
       
    1757Z/7 NCR 2117
       
       
       
       
  COMINCH O I C SERIAL NO. 37 FROM ADMIRALTY.
   
  O I C SERIAL NO. 37.  (FOLLOWING METEOR POSITIONS RECEIVED
  TODAY, TIMES MAY BE GMT OR CENTRAL EUROPEAN OR MIXTURE)
  2200/6X 47 N. 18 W.  QUERY AFIRM 1200/6 34 N. 50 W.
  QUERY EASY HYPO 0000/7 52 N. 30 W.  QUERY GEORGE GEORGE
  0200/7 40 N. 46W.  QUERY GEORGE TARE GEORGE YOKE 356
  AFIRM DOG XRAY SAIL 4 PROBABLY SAILED FOR ATLANTIC 5 9
  ESTIMATED N SHETLANDS.  GEORGE ZED 615 AFIRM DOG XRAY
  SAIL 6 PROBABLY SAILED TODAY FOR ATLANTIC.
   
   
  2 COPIES DELIVERED TO F-34 FOR LT. KNOWLES.
   
   
   
   
       
       
   
       
       
       
       

 

       
       
  F-353(KAK)    
  COMINCH    
    ADMIRALTY          R R R R R
  7 SEPTEMBER 1942.    
       
       
       
       
       
    072301  
       
       
       
  YOUR 1827Z/17 AUG EASY CAST 410 X YOUR 1910Z/03 GEORGE OPTION 410 X QUERY X NO  
  CONFIRMATION YOUR ESTIMATE SEVEN U/BS EASTERN SEA FRONTIER X YOUR 1802Z/25  
  AUG WAS LAST WEEKLY U/B BREAKOUT RECEIVED X ACTION TO ADMIRALTY FOR OIC X  
  FROM COMINCH F-353 SERIAL NUMBER 14 X DESIRE ANY CHANGES COMMANDING  
  OFFICERS OCCURRING IN U/B LIST X WHAT SIGNIFICANCE DO YOU ATTACH ABSENCE OF  
  TRAFFIC 4 AND 5 AUGUST FOLLOWING EXTREMELY ACTIVE PERIOD TWO PREVIOUS DAYS X  
     
     
     
  F-353 . . . ORIG  
  NO DISTRIBUTION . . .  
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
   
   
   
   
   

 

       
       
       
  ADMIRALTY  
                            COMINCH ROUTINE
  9 SEPTEMBER 1942    
  0234/0213    
  MOORE/HUTCHINSON    
       
       
       
  PAGE ONE 1935/8 NCR 3169
       
       
       
       
  (COMINCH O I C SERIAL NO. 38 FROM ADMIRALTY)
   
  YOUR SERIAL 14 REF 410.  MY SERIAL NO 30 TOO 1652Z/23/8
  INFORMED THAT VESSEL MENTIONED IN MY 1827/17/8 PROVED TO
  BE A MINESWEEPER AND NOT THE U/B AND BIGRAM EC WAS REALLOCATED
  TO UNSPECIFIED U/B IN MY 1651Z/23 AUGUST CONFIRM BIGRAM
  GO410 ADX 829.  AGREE THAT RECENTLY EVIDENCE OF U/BS
  OFF YOUR EAST COAST HAS BEEN VERY SCANTY BUT THIS
  FACT MAY BE TRIBUTE TO EFFICIENCY OF A/S MEASURES
  NECESSITATING W/T SILENCE AND ENHANCED CAUTION.
  APPROACHES TO NEW YORK AND NORFOLK ARE SO IMPORTANT
  STRATEGICALLY THAT ENEMY MUST BE RELUCTANT ENTIRELY
  TO WITHDRAW.  REGRET FAILURE TO SEND WEEKLY BREAKDOWN
  LAST WEEK WHICH WAS DUE TO LEAVE CAUSING ACUTE SHORTAGE
  OF STAFF.  IN FUTURE SERIALS WILL INCLUDE NAMES OF
   
   
       
       
   
       
       
       
       

 

       
       
       
     
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
  PAGE TWO 1935/8 NCR 3169
       
       
       
       
  COMMANDING OFFICERS OF U/BS MENTIONED WHERE KNOWN.
  IN GENERAL DO NOT OBTAIN RELIABLE INFORMATION OF
  CHANGES OF COMMAND BUT ONLY OF FIRST APPOINTMENTS.
  CANNOT SUGGEST ANY REASON OTHER THAN INCREASED
  CAUTION AND STRICTER W/T DISCIPLINE AND COMPARATIVE
  LACK OF CONTACTS FOR DROP IN W/T TRAFFIC ON 4/5
  SEPTEMBER, BUT LAST SENTENCE OF MY 1719Z/6 MAY
  POSSIBLY BE ASSOCIATED.  MY SERIAL NO. 36 EW.  HORN
  HAD NOT BEEN MET BY 0300/6 AND HAD FAILED TO REPORT
  POSITION.  MY 1849Z/6 THE TWO U/BS SIGHTED WERE
  CI. SCHNEE AND AK. LINDER THEREFORE CANCEL PREVIOUSLY
  ESTIMATED DEPARTURES OF AK AND CD AND CG AND SUB-
  STITUTE CD OESTERMANN INTO PRESENT CRUISE HITHERTO
  ATTRIBUTED TO AK.
   
  DISTRIBUTION:
  2 COPIES TO F-34 FOR LT. COMDR. KNOWLES.
       
       
   
       
       
       
       

 

       
       
       
  ADMIRALTY  
                            COMINCH  
  10 SEPT 1942    
  0151/2255    
  COX/ECKHARDT    
       
       
       
    1947Z/9             NCR 3752  
       
       
       
       
  COMINCH FROM ADMTY
   
  U-BOAT SITUATION PART TWO.
   
  AFIRMVICTOR ATTACKED BY AIRCRAFT 071245 COURSE 250 DEGS
  AND 071415 COURSE 080 DEGS BOTH IN 47 N 9 W PRESUMED
  RETURNING.
  CASTGEORGE EASYXRAYUNIT SIX ATTACKED BY AIRCRAFT
  080315 47 N 8 W FLAMES REPORTED ISSUING FROM CONNING
  TOWER FOR 25 MINUTES ASSUMED TO HAVE RETURNED.
  BAKERFOX EASYXRAYLOVE FIVE 44 N 12 W.
  DOGINT EASYXRAYLOVE FIVE 45 N 12 W.
  DOGMIKE EASYXRAYLOVE SIX ATTACKED BY AIRCRAFT
  091400 IN 46 N 9 W COURSE 290 DEGS.
  ITALIAN STILL AT SANTANDER.
   
  2 COPIES TO F-34 FOR LT COMDR KNOWLES.
       
       
   
       
       
       
       

 

       
       
       
  ADMIRALTY  
                            COMINCH ROUTINE
  10 SEPTEMBER 1942    
  0346/0118    
  LYNCH/NEWHOUSE    
       
       
       
    1948Z/9   NCR 3843  
       
       
       
       
  FROM ADMIRALTY
   
  OIC SERIAL NUMBER 39.
   
  GL 604, ADU 8.        GJ 409, ADU 9.
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  2 COPIES TO F 34 FOR LT COMDR KNOWLES.
   
   
   
       
       
   
       
       
       
       

 

       
       
  F-353(KAK)    
  COMINCH    
    ADMIRALTY          RRRR
  12 SEPTEMBER 1942.    
       
       
       
       
       
    121935  
       
       
       
  ACTION TO ADMIRALTY FOR OIC FROM COMINCH X F-353 SERIAL NUMBER 15 X  
  CONVERGING TINA TRACKS 101750 X 021350 X 312147 AUG AND 100154 X 032025 AND 082056  
  X 281904 AUG AND 031111 X 261807 AUG X 111710 SEPT WITH CROSSING TRACKS 110941 X  
  311740 AUG AND 061305 X 252207 AUG AND APPROACHING TRACK 032221 X 021701 X  
  011159 INDICATE PRESENT REFUELING POINT AT 40N 34W X NUMEROUS DFS IN AUGUST  
  RINGING AREA 26N 54W INDICATED REFUELING BOAT THERE NOW POSSIBLY HOMEWARD  
  X 100758 IDENTIFIED WITH 032024 AUG X 101758 ALSO POSSIBLY WITH 152354 AUG X 032025  
  ALSO IDENTIFIED WITH 031552 X 031322 X 030059 X 310004 AUG X 041817 AUG AND 031154 X  
  210328 AUG X 201751 AUG BELIEVED DIFFERENT OPERATOR SAME BOAT DAMAGED 221920  
  AUG X 252200 AUG X QUERY X DESIRE DAILY WILLIAM WILLIAM AFIRM TIMES AND  
  POSITIONS WHEN AVAILABLE X UNCONFIRMED VIMY VICTIM DATA X NUMBER UNIT 162  
  COMMISSIONED ABOUT SEPT 1941 X WURGEN WITTENBERG COMMANDER AND A  
  SURVIVOR X EX LOVE 6 OR 7 JULY THREE WAR CRUISES WITH 80,000 TONS SUNK  
  INCLUDING 4 SHIPS LAST CRUISE, 3 TRINIDAD AND 1 BERMUDA AREAS X DEAD ENGINEER  
  EDGAR STIERWALD X MET 500 TON U/B REINHARD SUHREN ABOUT 31 AUGUST 1942  
  WITHOUT TORPEDOES WHICH TRANSFERRED 2 TONS FUEL TO U-162 X QUERY TIME AND  
  PLACE OF DEPARTURE CAST AFIRM X  
     
  F-353 . . . ORIG