Instructions for
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                 Completion of the Escort and Protection Task
     
1.) Leadership:  Kommandant "U-162", Fregattenkapitän Wattenberg.
   
2.) Transit Route:  From meeting point via 43°N and 32°W to 43°30N and 8°30W.  From there within territorial waters to the limit where intake by mine search boats follows.
   
3.) Transit formation:
  a) Days "U-162" about 300 meters ahead of "OSORNO" set out a bit to the windward side, so that "OSORNO" at any dive maneuver of the boat will not run directly over the diving location.
  b) Nights "U-162" hang onto "OSORNO".
  c) At the limit of territorial waters "U-162" sets off to sea.  Range from "OSORNO" according to visibility 4-6 nm.  "OSORNO" possibly proceeds at the limit of territorial waters, so the fact of the escort is not seen from land and the boat will not come too close to the territorial limit.
   
4.) Course and speed:  Ordered course applies over the ground, ordered speed through the water. "OSORNO" is the guide.  "U-162" holds position ahead or behind "OSORNO".
   
5.) Times:  For all times given German Summer Time (D.S.Z. - M.G.Z. plus 2 hours).
   
6.) Navigation comparison:  "OSORNO" gives daily at 12.00 hour navigation fix to the convoy leader, if necessary with supplement about reliability.
   
7.) Cruising in fog:  In fog "OSORNO" trails an about 200-300-meter line with a barrel from the stern.  "U-162" holds position on this barrel.  Nights bright stern lamp on the stern of "OSORNO".
   
8.) Diving maneuvers:  "U-162" conducts a so-called test dive after the morning navigation fix to determine the correct diving condition.  Announcement follows by flag signal or Morse message.  Duration about 1/2 hour. For this "OSORNO" reduces speed as much as possible so that "U-162" can take position quickly after surfacing.
   
9.) Signal traffic: See Enclosure.
   
10.) Behavior on separating:  In case of separation in very low visibility weather, meeting point is 25 nm further on from the last sighting in the direction of the steered course from there.  At this meeting point wait three days.  Steam back and forth on east-west course 5 nm to each side.  If there is no meeting after three days, continue transit alone.
     
11.) Behavior on sighting of ships, aircraft etc.
  a) On sighting suspicious ships "OSORNO" initially attempt to avoid.  "U-162" maneuvers with accordingly.  If avoiding fails, "OSORNO" turns hard away from the suspicious ship, while "U-162" takes position between "OSORNO" and the enemy, and follows at a distance of 1000-3000 meters.  If the enemy ship comes up the boat dives and attacks.  "OSORNO" must attempt, to drag the enemy over the boat, it may be appropriate to delay the enemy by lengthly signal traffic . . .
 
           
           
Click the flag to view the above page from the original German KTB
 
 
           
           
           
           
     
    to give the boat several attack opportunities.  If the danger passes, new meeting point with the boat is a point 25 nm distant from the diving location of the boat in the direction of the course, that the ship steered when the boat dived.
  b) On sighting an aircraft the ship continues on its general course, while the U-boat dives if there is danger of being sighted.  If the boat dives, the ship reduces its speed as much as possible.  If there is no more danger, the boat stops or runs to meet until it surfaces and takes up escort again.
  c) On sighting of a U-boat:  as under 11.) a.
  d) On sighting of a torpedo track of mine.  Avoid according to the situation.
  e) Lookout:  For the success of the U-boot task it is decisive that the ship have an excellent lookout with good communication to the ships leadership and all sighting reports be transmitted as quickly as possible.  The fact of the escort must remain hidden from the enemy at all costs.  The ship, on the one hand, must therefore be able to avoid all possibilities of being seen with the boat at an early stage, and on the other hand, the submarine must be warned early enough to be able to avoid it by diving early enough.
12.) This order must not fall into enemy hands.  Its destruction after completion of the escort task is to be reported by signal flag or in writing to Service Field Post No. M 01524.
                                                                          
     
Communications provisions.
1.) General:  Sure signal traffic between ship and U-boat is especially important.  Therefore it is necessary that on the ship a special man (Signal man) stand watch, who only keeps an eye on the U-boat.  He must be in a place with good visibility.  If it is not possible for the ship's personnel to man this post with a trained signalman, a U-boat lookout man will be provided, to stay in the immediate vicinity of the trained signalman day and night.  Paper and pencil at hand to write.
2.) Signal traffic:
  a) Days by signal flag.
  b) Nights by dimmed (blue light) Morse lamp.  At night signal traffic will be limited to what is absolutely necessary
3) Call signs:
  a) "U-162"        U G S
  b) "OSORNO"  M S O
4) Short Signals:
  On sighting suspicious ship (smoke clouds, mastheads) aircraft,
 
           
           
           
           
 
 
 
           
           
           
           
     
  U-boat, torpedo tracks, mine the following signals are to be given with signal flags or Morse Lamp until understood (by night only as long as the Morse signal poses no danger of being seen):
a)  Suspicious ship b) Aircraft in sight
S V = ship ahead F V = aircraft ahead
S A = ship astern F A = aircraft astern
S B = ship to port F B = aircraft to port
S S = ship to starboard F S = aircraft to starboard
   
b) U-boat in sight Torpedo track in sight Mine in sight
U V = U-boat ahead T V = torpedo track ahead M V = mine ahead
U A = U-boat astern T A =           "         astern M A = mine astern
U B = U-boat to port T B =           "         to port M B = mine to port
U S = U-boat to starboard T S =           "         to starboard M S = mine to starboard
     
5.) R P = information:  Important information, especially ones with numbers, times etc. may be requested to be repeated by the receiver by "R P", thereby ensuring certain transmission.
6.) Speed change signals:  Should it be expedient for any reason, to indicate to M.S. "OSORNO" if the U-boat lies stopped, increases or decreases speed, this is done as follows:
  Yellow flag on the pole waived upwards:  I am increasing speed,
  Yellow flag held upwards:  I am decreasing speed,
  Yellow flag on the pole held downwards:  Have stopped,
  Yellow flag on the pole waived down:  I am backing down.
     
7.) Radio messages:  Incoming radio messages for "OSORNO" will be optically transmitted from "U-162", or in suitable weather conditions passed over by throw line.
     
8.) Training flag and Morse signals:
  To practice signal traffic in the first days training flag and Morse signals are intended.  Times ordered on a case by case basis (training Morse generally from twilight about 1 hour long).  Pay attention to good dimming of the blue light.  Give slowly and clearly.  Interrupting of training signal traffic by real traffic by letter "X" several time until understanding is indicated by the receiver.
                                                                          
                                                                               Fregattenkapitän and
                                                                              Kommandant "U-162"