U-518 2nd War Patrol

Translation by Christine Hillmann with help from Jerry Mason, Ken Dunn and Andi Forster

Departed	Date	Arrived	Date	Days at Sea
Lorient	11 Jan 1943	Lorient	27 April 1943	107

 

Click the icon to download a KMZ file displaying the U-boat track, significant events and locations for this patrol.  You must have Google Earth loaded on your computer to view this file.  Download Google Earth here

Ships Attacked
Date	KTB Time	Position	Ship	Tons	Nationality	Convoy
18 Feb 43	08.05 - 08.35	12°51'S, 37°51'W	BRASILOIDE	6,075	Brazilian
1 Mar 43	06.52 - 12.15	12°27'S, 37°03'W	FITZ-JOHN PORTER	7,176	American	BT-6
20 Mar 43	04.27 - 05.10	13°33'S, 37°21'W	MARISO	7,659	Netherlander
25 Mar 43	07.07	11°45'S, 35°45'W	INDUSTRIA	1,688	Swedish
			Total = 22,598
Note:  The positions in the table above and in the Google Earth patrol summary are derived from the KTB and in many cases do not match those set forth in authoritative references such as Jürgen Rohwer, Axis Submarine Successes of World War Two or the Uboat.net website.  The goal here is to present the picture relative to the U-boat and not the absolute position that the ship was attacked or sank.

---

				K  r  i  e  g  s  t  a  g  e  b  u  c  h
				_________________________
				of Unterseebootes "U-518"
				2nd War Patrol
				Beginning:  16.12.42 Ending:       27.4.43
			Time:               D.G.Z.
			All naval squares
			War Patrol in accordance with Operations Order 53
			Kommandant:  Kapitänleutnant Wißmann.
			Distribution: 2 x O.K.M.   1 x B.d.U.-Op.-   1 x Kmdr.Adm.Uboote.   1 x F.d.U.-West.-   1 x F.d.U.-Ausbl.-   1 x 2.Uflottille.   1 x 27.Uflottille.
				© U-boat Archive 2023 - all rights reserved

Click the flag to view the above page from the original German KTB

	- 1 -
		16.12.42	Lorient	Cleared the boat.
		17.12.42	"	Boat shifted and moved on the slipway to Shelter B 3.  Overhaul work.
		29.12.42	"	Boat launched and shifted to berth K 14 for further overhaul work.
		03.01.43	"	Dummy torpedoes fired.  Boat shifted to berth B 5.
		04.01.43 - 06.01.43	"	Pierside testing, torpedo loading, fuel loading, degaussing, sea trial, trim test.
		07.01.43	"	On the slipway for repair of leaks.
		08.01.43 - 09.01.43	"	Provisions loading, final adjustment and overhaul.
		10.01.43	"	Final trim test.
		11.01.43
		16.30	Lorient	Cast off for 2nd war patrol, Operations Order "Atlantic" No. 53 in effect.
			S 4, Sea 3, overcast, rain, Vis. medium
		17.00		Taken under escort by Speerbrecher.
		19.15		Point Laterne:  Convoy ended.  Continued outbound transit alone in accordance with Outbound Orders via Point 352, 346a, Lade, Kern.
		20.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 6173
			SSW 7, Sea 5, overcast, rain, Vis. bad, dark night, medium-high SW-swell, faint marine phosphorescence
		20.35		Point 352.
		23.00		Point 346a.
		12.01.43
		00.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 5267
			SSW 7-8, Sea 7, overcast, rain, Vis. medium, medium bright night, medium-high SW-swell,, faint marine phosphorescence
		02.15		Point Lade.
		04.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 5523
			SSW 8, Sea 7, overcast, Vis. medium, dark night, high SW-swell, no marine phosphorescence

	Sun and Moon Data 11.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 12.01.43

	- 2 -
		continued
		12.01.43
		08.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 5524
			SW 7-8, Sea 7, overcast, Vis. medium, high SW-swell, no marine phosphorescence
		08.33		Dived.
				Proceeded submerged at depth A -50 meters.
		12.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 5541	Point Kern.
				Went to depth A -40 meters, began transit through the Bay of Biscay on SW-course.
				Day's run:  Surfaced 105 nm, Submerged 11 nm.
		16.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 5466
		19.15		Surfaced.
		20.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 5491
			WbyN 6, Sea 5, 3/10, Vis. changing, occasional hail and rain showers, faint marine phosphorescence
		13.01.43
		00.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 5721
			W 4, Sea 3, 6/10, rain, Vis. changing, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 5741
			WSW 4, Sea 4, 4/10, Vis. medium. medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 4991
			SW 4, Sea 4, 5/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night
		08.39		"Crash dive" for training.  Deep dive test to depth A +40 meters.  No incidents.
				Proceeded submerged.
		12.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 4985	Day's run:  Surfaced 97 nm, Submerged 29 nm.
		16.00	"             BF 4976
		19.25		Surfaced.
		20.00	"             BF 4974
			W 7, Sea 6, overcast, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, no marine phosphorescence
		14.01.43
		00.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 4892
			W 7, Sea 6, 4/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence, high W-swell

	Sun and Moon Data 12.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 13.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 14.01.43

	- 3 -
		continued
		14.01.43
		02.10		Fu.M.B. out of service, cable broken.
		02.15		Dived.  Proceeded submerged.
		04.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 4889
		08.00	"             BF 7233
		12.00	"             BF 7231	Day's run:  Surfaced 41 nm, Submerged 50 nm.
		16.00	"             BF 7223
		19.32		Surfaced.
		20.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 7215
			W 5, Sea 4, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		20.55		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  130°T, 3 nm.
		21.20	"             BF 7217	"Crash dive" for aircraft, large land-based aircraft passed directly ahead, altitude about 600-800 meters.  Nothing heard in the Fu.M.B., inspection showed that the cable had broken again.
		23.20		Surfaced.
		15.01.43
		00.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 7162
			WNW 5, Sea 4, 6/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 7157
			W 3, Sea 2, 4/10, Vis. changing, medium-bright night, no marine phosphorescence
		08.00	North Atlantic  BE 9399
			SW 4, Sea 4, 6/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night
		08.35		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  230°T, 1 nm.
		08.50		"Crash dive" for training.  Proceeded submerged.
		12.00	North Atlantic  BE 9396	Day's run:  Surfaced 84 nm, Submerged 40 nm.
		16.00	"            BE 9388
		19.38		Surfaced.
		20.00	"            BE 9379
			SSW 4, Sea 3-4, overcast, Vis. good, moonlit night
		16.01.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  BE 9298
			S 4, Sea 3, overcast, rain, Vis. medium, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence

	Sun and Moon Data 14.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 15.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 16.01.43

	- 4 -
		16.01.43
		04.00	North Atlantic  BE 9287	Incoming Radio Message:  1836/15/50:
			SSW 3, Sea 2-3, 4/10, Vis. changing, no marine phosphorescence	1.  "Schwandtke", "Wissmann" head for square DG 92.
				2.  . . . .
		08.00	North Atlantic  BE 9198
			SSW 2-3, Sea 2, 9/10, Vis. medium
		09.12		Dived.  Proceeded submerged.
		12.00	North Atlantic  BE 9189	Day's run:  Surfaced 103 nm, Submerged 31 nm.
		16.00	"            BE 9187
		19.47		Surfaced.
		20.00	North Atlantic  BE 9178	Fu.M.B. cable broken again twice.
			NNW 5, Sea 4, 9/10, Vis. good, high NW-swell	The newly delivered Fu.M.B. cable from the Kriegsmarine Werft-Lorient is bad.  In five nights it has already broken four times, on the contrary the first cable I was equipped with in Hamburg never broke.
		17.01.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  BE 8634
			NNW 6, Sea 5, 5/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence, high NW-swell
		04.00	North Atlantic  BE 8643
			NW 4, Sea 3-4, 6/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		08.00	North Atlantic  BE 8568
			NW 3, Sea 2-3, 8/10, Vis. medium
		09.05		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  0°T, 15 nm.
		09.56 - 10.39		Test dive.
		12.00	North Atlantic  BE 8555	Day's run:  Surfaced 119 nm, Submerged 26 nm.
			SW 3-4, Sea 3, 9/10, Vis. good
		16.00	North Atlantic  BE 8572
			S 4, Sea 3-4, overcast, rain showers, Vis. good
		18.10		Incoming Radio Message:  1628/17/79:
				1.  . . . .
				2.  "Poser" and "Wissmann" are reminded of passing report.
				3.  . . . .
		20.00	North Atlantic  BE 8733
			SSW 5, Sea 4, overcast, Vis. medium

	Sun and Moon Data 21.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 22.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 23.01.43

	- 5 -
		continued
		17.01.43
		21.40		Outgoing Radio Message:  2142/17/98:
				Position naval square BE 8735, S 6, 1003 mb, falling, overcast, Vis. medium.  Fu.M.B. cable supplied by Kriegsmarine Werft Lorient is bad, already broken four times.  Cable received in Hamburg for 1st war patrol was much better.  Am missing Serial No. 75, 77, 79, 80 from 12th, 93, 99 from 13th.        - Wissmann -
		18.01.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  BE 8763
			SSW 3, Sea 2, overcast, rain showers, Vis. medium, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	North Atlantic  BE 8785
			SSW 3, Sea 2, overcast, rain, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	North Atlantic  CF 2235
			SSW 3, Sea 2, overcast, Vis. medium
		09.43 - 10.33		Test dive.
		12.00	North Atlantic  CF 2295	Day's run:  Surfaced 146 nm, Submerged 3 nm.
			SW 3-4, Sea 3, 4/10, Vis. good
		16.00	North Atlantic  CF 2534
			SW 4, Sea 3, 7/10, Vis. medium to good
		20.00	North Atlantic  CF 2559
			SSW 6, Sea 5, overcast, rain, Vis. changing
		19.01.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  CF 2588
			SW 7, Sea 6, 8/10, rain, Vis. changing, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence, high SW-swell
		04.00	North Atlantic  CF 2824
			W 7, Sea 6, 7/10, Vis. changing, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence, high confused swell

	Sun and Moon Data 17.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 18.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 19.01.43

	- 6 -
		continued
		19.01.43
		08.00	North Atlantic  CF 2846
			SW 6, Sea 5, 8/10, Vis. changing, slight marine phosphorescence
		09.38 - 10.20		Test dive.
		12.00	North Atlantic  CF 2875	Day's run:  Surfaced 116 nm, Submerged 3 nm.
			WSW 5, Sea 4, 5/10, Vis. good
		16.00	North Atlantic  CF 5218
			WSW 4, Sea 3, 5/10, isolated rain showers, Vis. good
		19.25		Incoming Radio Message 1703/19/151:
				1.  "Schwandtke", "Bargsten", "Becker", "Wissmann" head for naval square 72 of the large square east of square DT at economical cruising speed.
				2.  . . . .
		20.00	North Atlantic  CF 5248
			SW 3-4, Sea 3, 4/10, Vis. medium to good
		20.01.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  CF 5278
			WSW 3, Sea 2, 8/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	North Atlantic  CF 5542
			SW 3-4, Sea 3, 4/10, rain showers, Vis. changing, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence, heavy summer lightening
		08.00	North Atlantic  CF 5575
			SW 3, Sea 2-3, 7/10, Vis. changing
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  4°T, 25 nm.
		09.18 - 09.40		Test dive.
		12.00	North Atlantic  CF 5572	Day's run:  Surfaced 128 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			WSW 4, Sea 2, 6/10, Vis. good
		16.00	North Atlantic  CF 5818
			SW 3-4, Sea 3, 7/10, Vis. good
		20.00	North Atlantic  CF 5872
			W 3, Sea 2-3, 7/10, Vis. good

	Sun and Moon Data 19.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 20.01.43

	- 7 -
		21.01.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  CF 8215
			NW 3, Sea 2-3, 7/10, rain shower, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	North Atlantic  CF 8272
			WNW 3, Sea 2, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		08.00	North Atlantic  CF 8515
			WNW 3, Sea 2, 8/10, Vis. good, slight marine phosphorescence
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  102°T, 10 nm.
		09.25 - 10.11		Test dive.
		12.00	North Atlantic  CF 8573	Day's run:  Surfaced 154 nm, Submerged 3 nm.
			WNW 3, Sea 2-3, 7/10, Vis. good
		16.00	North Atlantic  CF 8816
			WNW 3, Sea 2-3, 7/10, Vis. good
		20.00	North Atlantic  CF 8873
			SW 3, Sea 2-3, overcast, rain, Vis. medium
		22.01.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  DH 1319
			SSW 2, Sea 1-2, overcast, rain, Vis. changing, no marine phosphorescence
		00.30		Incoming Radio Message 2239/21/399:
				Occupy NS strips between the latitude of the squares 7135 lower edge and 7195 upper edge, together with the longitude of the squares 7156 right edge and 7355 left edge starting from the west:  "Wissmann", "Schwandtke", "Becker" and "Bargsten" equal spacing.  "Markworth" occupy area between the named latitudes adjoining to the east up to the coast.  All naval squares in the large square east of square DT.
				2.  In the named area expect NS convoy traffic and fast independents.  Countering this traffic is of utmost importance to the Africa Front.
		04.00	North Atlantic  DH 1373
			W 2-3, Sea 2, 9/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence

	Sun and Moon Data 21.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 22.01.43

	- 8 -
		continued
		22.01.43
		08.00	North Atlantic  DH 1619
			SW 2, Sea 1-2, 9/10, Vis. medium, hazy
		09.22 - 09.55		Test dive.
		12.00	North Atlantic  DH 1673	Day's run:  Surfaced 164 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			SW 2, Sea 1, 6/10, Vis. good
		14.33		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  0°T, 4 nm.
		16.00	North Atlantic  DH 1919
			W 2, Sea 1, 6/10, Vis. good
		20.00	North Atlantic  DH 1976
			W 2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good
		23.01.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  DH 4343
			W 1, Sea 0-1, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	North Atlantic, DH 4379
			W 1, Sea 0-1, 1/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		08.00	North Atlantic  DH 4649
			W 1, Sea 0-1, 5/10, Vis. good, moonlit
		08.45		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  55°T, 8 nm.
		09.10 - 09.49		Test dive.
		12.00	North Atlantic  DH 4687	Day's run:  Surfaced 170 nm, Submerged 2.5 nm.
			SSE 0-1, Sea 0, 2/10, Vis. good
		16.00	North Atlantic  DH 4957
			ENE 1, Sea 0-1, 4/10, Vis. good
		20.00	North Atlantic  DH 4987
			E 1-2, Sea 0-1, 3/10, Vis. good
		24.01.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  DH 7346
			E 1-2, Sea 0-1, 7/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence

	Sun and Moon Data 22.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 23.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 24.01.43

	- 9 -
		continued
		24.01.43
		04.00	North Atlantic DH 7613
			E 1-2, Sea 1, 9/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	North Atlantic  DH 7649
			E 1-2, Sea 1, overcast, Vis. good
		09.18 - 10.11		Test dive.
		12.00	North Atlantic DH 7916	Day's run:  Surfaced 173 nm, Submerged 3 nm.
			E 1-2, Sea 1, overcast Vis. good
		16.00	North Atlantic  DH 7973
			E 1-2, Sea 1, overcast, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  DT 3317
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 2/10, Vis. good
		20.35		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  245°T, 10 nm.
		25.01.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  DT 3296
			E 3, Sea 2, 5/10, Vis. good, dark night, heavy marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  DT 3642
			ENE 3, Sea 2, 9/10, moonlit night, Vis. good, no marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  DT 3676
			ENE 3, Sea 2, 6/10, moonlit, Vis. good
		08.37		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  205°T, 2.5 nm.
		09.06 - 10.07		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  DT 3927	Day's run:  Surfaced 171 nm, Submerged 3.5 nm.
			ENE 3, Sea 2, 5/10, Vis. good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  DT 3986
			ENE 3, Sea 2-3, 4/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  DT 3987
			NE 3, Sea 2-3, 2/10, Vis. good
		20.32		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  0°T, 11 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 24.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 25.01.43

	- 10 -
		26.01.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  DT 6369
			NE 3, Sea 2-3, 1/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night
		04.00	Central Atlantic  DU 4411
			NE 3, Sea 2-3, 1/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  DU 4446
			NE 3, Sea 2, 2/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		08.30		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  196°T, 5 nm.
		09.04 - 09.59		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  DU 4721	Day's run:  Surfaced 160 nm, Submerged 3 nm.
			NE 3, Sea 2, 1/10, Vis. good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  DU 4758
			NE 2-3, Sea 2, blue sky, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  DU 7137	Entered the operations area, intend alternating on E-W courses back and forth in position in my part of the NS-line.
			ENE 1-2, Sea 1, blue sky, Vis. good
		20.35		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  135°T, 4 nm.
		27.01.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  DU 7243
			NE 1-2, Sea 1, blue sky, Vis. medium, hazy, marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  DU 7158
			ENE 2, Sea 1, blue sky, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  DU 7274
			ENE 2, Sea 1, blue sky, Vis. good, moonlit
		08.25		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  110°T, 12 nm.
		09.13 - 09.37		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  DU 7191	Day's run:  Surfaced 166 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			E 3, Sea 2-3, blue sky, Vis. medium, hazy
		16.00	Central Atlantic  DU 7247
			E 3, Sea 2-3, blue sky, Vis. medium, hazy
		20.00	Central Atlantic  DU 7153
			E 2-3, Sea 2, 1/10, Vis. medium, hazy

	Sun and Moon Data 26.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 27.01.43

	- 11 -
		28.01.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  DU 7165
			E 2, Sea 1, blue sky, hazy, Vis. low, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence
		00.30		Incoming Radio Message 1833/27/344:
				1.  "Wissmann", "Schwandtke", "Becker", "Bargsten", "Markworth" form Group "Rochen".
				2.  This evening from attack area advance with day's run 150 nm to the north to pass through first position line:  square 4351 to square 5185, second position line:  square 2231 to square 2365.  All naval squares in the large square east of DT.
				3.  Subsequently occupy as attack area with depth 15 nm.  "Wissmann" square 9595, "Schwandtke" 9912, "Becker" 9566, "Bargsten" 9672, "Markworth" 9687.  All DH.  Expect convoy traffic in NE-SW direction.
				Changed course accordingly.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  DU 7211
			ENE 2, Sea 1-2, blue sky, hazy, Vis. medium, faint marine phosphorescence, moonlit night
		08.00	Central Atlantic  DU 4849
			NE 1-2, Sea 1, blue sky, Vis. medium, hazy, moonlit night
		08.30		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  168°T, 10 nm.
		08.57 - 09.16		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  DU 4852	Day's run:  Surfaced 145 nm, Submerged 1.5 nm.
			NE 1-2, Sea 1, blue sky, hazy, Vis. medium to good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  DU 4594
			ENE 2, Sea 1, blue sky, hazy, Vis. medium
		20.00	Central Atlantic  DU 4563
			NE 1, Sea 0-1, blue sky, hazy, Vis. medium
		20.24		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  293°T, 11 nm.
		22.00		Incoming Radio Message 1949/28/354:
				1.  "Hartenstein", "Neitzel", "Wissmann" head for square EJ 70.
				2.  . . . .
				Changed course to the south.
		29.01.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  DU 4534
			NE 1, Sea 0-1, blue sky, dark night, marine phosphorescence, Vis. medium

	Sun and Moon Data 28.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 29.01.43

	- 12 -
		29.01.43
		04.00	Central Atlantic  DU 4549
			NE 1, Sea 0-1, blue sky, Vis. medium, hazy, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  DU 4733
			ENE 1, Sea 0-1, blue sky, Vis. medium, hazy, moonlit night
		08.25		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  95°T, 6 nm.
		08.57 - 09.42		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  DU 4763	Day's run:  Surfaced 170 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			E 1, Sea 0-1, blue sky, hazy, Vis. medium
		16.00	Central Atlantic  DU 4776
			E 1, Sea 0-1, overcastblue sky
		20.00	Central Atlantic  DT 9335
			ENE 1, Sea 0-1, blue sky, Vis. medium
		20.33		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  138°T, 5 nm.
		30.01.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  DT 9361
			NNE 1-2, Sea 1, blue sky, Vis. medium, dark night, marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  DT 9356
			NNE 2, Sea 1-2, blue sky, hazy, Vis. medium, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  DT 9358
			NE 3, Sea 2, blue sky, Vis. medium, moonlit
		08.58 - 09.28		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  DT 9611	Day's run:  Surfaced 115 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			ENE 3, Sea 2-3, overcast, Vis. good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  DT 9563	Incoming Radio Message 1501/30/374:
			ENE 2-3, Sea 1-2, overcast, hazy, Vis. medium to good	To my U-boat men:
				Today by order of the Führer I have taken over the High Command of the Kriegsmarine.  I will continue to lead the U-boat war myself. (3 installments follow at greater intervals).
		19.30		Change of the Oberbefehlshabers is announced to the crew, afterwards a glass of champagne is drunk to the new Oberbefehlshaber, to mark the momentous occasion.

	Sun and Moon Data 29.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 30.01.43

	- 13 -
		continued
		30.01.43
		20.00	Central Atlantic  DT 9576
			NE 3, Sea 2, 9/10, Vis. medium
		31.01.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  DT 9578
			NE 3, Sea 2, overcast, hazy, Vis. low, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  DT 9733
			NE 3, Sea 2, overcast, Vis. good, dark night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  DT 9735
			NE 2-3, Sea 2, overcast, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.58 - 09.53		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  DT 9756	Day's run:  Surfaced 109 nm, Submerged 3 nm.
			NE 2-3, Sea 1-2, overcast, Vis. medium to good
		15.07		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  300°T, 31 nm.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  DT 6992
			NE 2-3, Sea 1-2, overcast, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 2337
			NE 2, Sea 1-2, 8/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		01.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 2358
			NE 2, Sea 1-2, overcast, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 2383
			NE 2, Sea 1-2, 9/10, Vis. medium, dark night, marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 2388
			NE 2, Sea 1-2, overcast, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence

	Sun and Moon Data 30.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 31.01.43
	Sun and Moon Data 01.02.43

	- 14 -
		continued
		01.02.43
		08.35		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  160°T, 11 nm.
		08.56 - 09.25		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 2658	Day's run:  Surfaced 115 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			NE 2-3, Sea 2, 8/10, Vis. good
		13.15		Incoming Radio Message 1236/1/395:
				New objective for "Wissmann" naval square FJ 30.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 2915
			NE 2-3, Sea 2, 7/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 2868
			NNE 2, Sea 1, 9/10, Vis. good
		20.54		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  340°T, 12 nm.
		02.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 2881
			NE 2, Sea 1-2, blue sky, Vis. good, dark night, heavy marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 5211
			NE 2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, heavy marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 5153
			NE 2, Sea 1, blue sky, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.45		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  263°T, 8 nm.
		09.08 - 09.44		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 5175	Day's run:  Surfaced 168 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			NE 3, Sea 2, blue sky, Vis. medium, hazy
		16.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 4669
			NE 3, Sea 2, 3/10, Vis. medium, hazy
		20.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 4694
			NE 3, Sea 2, blue sky, Vis. medium, hazy
		21.05		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  305°T, 6 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 01.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 02.02.43

	- 15 -
		03.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 4927
			NNE 3, Sea 2, blue sky, Vis. medium, hazy, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 4972
			NNE 3-4, Sea 2-3, blue sky, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 7236
			NNE 2-3, Sea 2, 1/10, Vis. medium to good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.08 - 09.44		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 7267	Day's run:  Surfaced 169 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			NNE 3, Sea 2, 3/10, Vis. medium
		15.10		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  90°T, 2.5 nm.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 7525
			NNE 3, Sea 2, 3/10, Vis. medium
		20.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 7549
			NE 2-3, Sea 2, 4/10, Vis. medium
		04.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 7811
			NE 2-3, Sea 2, blue sky, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  EJ 7768
			E 2, Sea 2, 9/10, Vis. medium, heavy marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  ES 1123
			E 2-3, Sea 2, 7/10, Vis. medium, hazy, heavy marine phosphorescence
		09.18 - 10.01		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  ES 1154	Day's run:  Surfaced 166 nm, Submerged 2.5 nm.
			E 1-2, Sea 0-1, 8/10, Vis. medium, hazy
		16.00	Central Atlantic  ES 1178
			ENE 1, Sea 0-1, 4/10, Vis. medium, hazy
		16.03		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  25°T, 8 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 03.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 04.02.43

	- 16 -
		continued
		04.02.43
		20.00	Central Atlantic  ES 1414
			ENE 1, Sea 0-1, 5/10, Vis. medium
		05.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  ER 3668
			ENE 1, Sea 0-1, blue sky, Vis. medium, marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  ER 3923
			NE 1-2, Sea 0-1, 3/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  ER 3956
			NE 1-2, Sea 0-1, 3/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.50		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  90°T, 12 nm.
		09.19 - 09.56		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  ER 3988	Day's run:  Surfaced 159 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			NE 2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good
		14.30		Incoming Radio Message 1253/5/335:
				To "Wissmann" Officer Only
				1.  Free to maneuver from FC 77 south along the coast up to FJ lower edge.  All naval squares.
				2.  Expect medium to heavy air and detection.
				3.  You are free to enter territorial waters, penetrating harbors and bombarding the same is forbidden
				I could not wish for a better operations area than this.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  ER 6343
			NE 2, Sea 2, 2/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  ER 6377
			NNE 2-3, Sea 1-2, 4/10, Vis. good
		06.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  ER 6562
			NNE 2-3, Sea 1-2, 6/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence

	Sun and Moon Data 04.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 05.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 06.02.43

	- 17 -
		continued
		06.02.43
		04.00	Central Atlantic  ER 6586
			NE 2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic ER 6853
			NE 2-3, Sea 1-2, 3/10, Vis. medium, faint marine phosphorescence, heavy marine phosphorescence
		08.50		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  113°T, 2.5 nm.
		09.28 - 10.02		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  ER 6886	Day's run:  Surfaced 163 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			NE 2, Sea 1, 8/10, Vis. medium
		16.00	Central Atlantic  ER 9252
			NE 3, Sea 2, 4/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  ER 9288
			ENE 2-3, Sea 2, overcast, Vis. medium to good, rain
		07.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  ER 9552
			E 2, Sea 1, 7/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence, heavy summer lightening
		04.00	Central Atlantic  ER 9587
			E 2, Sea 1-2, overcast, rain, Vis. medium, dark night, marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  ER 9851
			E 2, Sea 1-2, 6/10, Vis. bad, dark night, marine phosphorescence
		09.20 - 09.53		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  ER 9876	Day's run:  Surfaced 159 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			ESE 3, Sea 2, 9/10, Vis. good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FC 3219
			ESE 1-2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good
		18.10		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  262°T, 12 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 06.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 07.02.43

	- 18 -
		continued
		07.02.43
		20.00	Central Atlantic  FC 3274
			E 1-2, Sea 1, 5/10, dark night, Vis. medium
		08.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FC 3436
			E 2, Sea 1, 1/10, dark night, Vis. medium
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FC 3469
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 3/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FC 3736	Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  320°T, 5 nm.
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 4/10, Vis. good
		09.05 - 10.15		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FC 3765	Day's run:  Surfaced 143 nm, Submerged 3 nm.
			SE 2-3, Sea 2, 5/10, Vis. good
		14.20	FC 3792	Equator Christening.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FC 3795
			SSE 2-3, Sea 2, 4/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  FC 3795
			SSE 3, Sea 2-3, 4/10, Vis. good
		09.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FC 6123
			SE 3, Sea 2-3, 2/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FC 6142
			SE 3-4. Sea 2-3, 1/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FC 5392
			SE 2-3, Sea 2, 2/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.19 - 09.46		Test dive.

	Sun and Moon Data 07.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 08.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 09.02.43

	- 19 -
		continued
		09.02.43
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FC 5388	Day's run:  Surfaced 118 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			SE 2-3, Sea 2, 2/10, Vis. good
		15.52	FC 5618	Crash dive for aircraft, large land-based aircraft to starboard in parallel flight.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FC 5618
		16.34		Surfaced.
		20.00	Central Atlantic  FC 5568
			E 2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good
		21.47		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  269°T, 15 nm.
		10.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FC 5499
			ESE 2, Sea 1, 2/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FC 5729
			E 2-3, Sea 2, 2/10, Vis. good, marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FC 5772
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 3/10, Vis. changing, marine phosphorescence
		08.52		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  256°T, 3 nm.
		09.18 - 09.58		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7326	Day's run:  Surfaced 159 nm, Submerged 4 nm.
			SE 2, Sea 1-2, 4/10, Vis. good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7349	In the torpedo fire control system the bearing transmitter of the UZO to the torpedo tubes has finally failed, for days ongoing attempts to repair the malfunction have been unsuccessful.
			SE 2, Sea 1-2, 3/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7532
			ESE 2, Sea 1-2, 4/10, Vis. good
		21.57		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  35°T, 10 nm.
		11.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7532
			ESE 2-3, Sea 2, 2/10, Vis. good, bright moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence

	Sun and Moon Data 09.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 10.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 11.02.43

	- 20 -
		continued
		11.02.43
		04.00	Central Atlantic
			FC 7523
			SE 2-3, Sea 2, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7522
			ENE 3, Sea 2, 4/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.05		Light in sight to starboard, astern, 345°T, turned towards.
		08.15		It is a brightly illuminated steamer, apparently neutral, course 190-200°, speed 8-9 knots.
		08.40		It is the Swiss chartered Greek steamer "NEREUS" with correct markings.  Turned away, ran off.
		08.46		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  275°T, 10 nm.
		09.00 - 10.22		Test dive.
				Entered the operations area, intend initially to head for the 200 meter line at the NE-corner of Brazil.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7527	Day's run:  Surfaced 92 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			E 2, Sea 1-2, 4/10, Vis. good
		12.02		"Crash dive" for aircraft, biplane, land-based aircraft.
		13.10		Surfaced.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7548
			E 2, Sea 1-2, 2/10, Vis. good
		16.59	FC 7572	"Crash dive" for aircraft, large land-based aircraft.
		17.51		Surfaced.
		18.19	FC 7574	"Crash dive" for aircraft, large land-based aircraft, probably the same aircraft as at 16.59 hours.
				Intend to remain submerged until darkness.
		18.35	FC 7574	Faint propeller sounds to starboard bearing 75°R, 280°T.
		18.50		Nothing seen at periscope depth.
		19.05		Sound bearing shifts slowly ahead and grows louder.
		19.25	FC 7577	A passenger freighter in sight in the periscope, bearing 240°T, bow left, target angle 80°, range 6000 meters, in front of it 1 destroyer, behind it 1 additional destroyer heard.  Convoy steers 140°, runs at about 12 knots.
		19.30		Can no longer get in position for a submerged attack.  Intend to attack on the surface at night.  Holding contact up to twilight appears possible without difficulties with the good sound conditions.

Sun and Moon Data 11.02.43

	- 21 -
		continued
		11.02.43
		20.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7577
		20.28		Sound bearings suddenly became fainter.
		20.30		At periscope depth, steamer smokestack is still clearly visible, positioned on the same bearing as the mast, therefore target angle is 180°  The stern destroyer is heard clearly in the listening gear, however can not be found in the periscope.
		20.45		Turned to follow submerged.
		21.06		Sound bearings grow weaker and inexact.
		21.10		Surfaced, too late, nothing more is seen of the steamer or the destroyers.
		21.15		Pursued in the direction of the last sound bearing.
		22.10	E 2, Sea 1-2, 4/10, Vis. good	Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  0°T, 10 nm.
		22.30		Because up to now nothing is found, dived to listen.  Nothing heard.
		23.14		Surfaced, pursuit broken off, because there are no further indications.
		12.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7816	Intend to steer along the coast on the 200-meter line in legs to the south
			E 2, Sea 1-2, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7845
			ENE 3, Sea 2, 2/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7879
			ENE 3, Sea 2, 4/10, Vis good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.02		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  146°T, 4 nm.
		09.24		Dived.
				Expect heavy air reconnaissance, therefore will remain submerged initially, to remain unnoticed at all cost.  The apparently good sound conditions appear to guarantee  that traffic will be detected submerged.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3227	Day's run:  Surfaced 124 nm, Submerged 15 nm.
		15.27 - 15.46		Boat ventilated.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3255

	Sun and Moon Data 11.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 12.02.43

	- 22 -
		continued
		12.02.43
		20.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3259	In the boat temperatures up to 45°C, nearly unbearable.
		21.56		Surfaced.
		22.03		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  80°T, 10 nm.
				Intend to continue on the 200-meter line in legs to the south to search for traffic.
		13.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3297
			E 3, Sea 2, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3537
			SE 2-3, Sea 2, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3593
			SE 2, Sea 1, 2/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.17 - 10.27		Test dive.
				Intend to continue on the surface, until the air situation is more precisly determined.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3594	Day's run:  Surfaced 84 nm, Submerged 29 nm.
			SSE 2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3675
			SE 2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3595
			ESE 2, Sea 1-2, 4/10, Vis. good
		22.06		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  0°T, 2 nm.
				Intend to advance directly off Pernambuco [Recife] tonight.
		14.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3832
			ESE 2, Sea 1, 6/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence

	Sun and Moon Data 12.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 13.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 14.02.43

	- 23 -
		continued
		14.02.43
		02.30		Lights from Pernambuco [Recife] and Olinda in sight.  Apparently the lighthouses are not burning or are dimmed.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3858	I have before me an enormous sea of lights, Pernambuco lies brightly illuminated there.  No ships, no shadows are seen.
			ESE 2, Sea 1, 2/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.30		Am positioned directly off Pernambuco [Recife] between the 20 and 10 meter lines.  Nothing but a vast sea of lights.  The roadstead is easy to make out, no ships, no shadows.  It is a pity.
		04.38		Turned away, ran off.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6232
			ESE 2, Sea 1, 1/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.50		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  150°T, 7 nm.
		09.16 - 10.15		Test dive.
				Intend to continue to the south in legs along the 200-meter line as before.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6256	Day's run:  Surfaced 177 nm, Submerged 3 nm.
			ESE 2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good
		15.57	FJ 6285	"Crash dive" for flying boat.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6285
		16.35		In an all around sweep before surfacing the flying boat (type Consolidated) is seen in the periscope.  Thus the enemy had seen me, searched for me and waited for me to surface.  He'll wait in vain.  Went deep.
		18.16		Surfaced.
		18.32	FJ 6285	"Crash dive" for flying boat from port astern approaching out of a cloud.
		18.35		2 aircraft bombs at depth A -45 and A -42 meters.  No significant damage.  In these circumstances remained submerged until darkness.
		20.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6289
		22.08		Surfaced.
		22.11		"Crash dive" for flying boat abeam to starboard, in the twilight still easily distinguished.
				The fellow is stubborn.
		23.16		Surfaced.
				Intend to change areas emphatically because we have been noticed.

Sun and Moon Data 14.02.43

	- 24 -
		continued
		14.02.43
		23.45	FJ 6526	Light to starboard abeam, bearing 200°T.  Turned towards.
		23.50		An illuminated steamer, apparently a neutral, is pointed towards me.
		15.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6526	Let steamer come on.
			ESE 3, Sea 2, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		00.30		Steamer steers 20°, runs about 12 knots.  Is an Argentinean tanker, estimated 8000 GRT.  Correct neutrality markings.
		00.40		Ran off.
		00.50		Incoming Radio Message 1857/14/369:
				1.  . . . .
				2.  . . . .
				3.  "Wissmann" report situation, if noticed or if traffic observations are at hand.
				Because as yet I have no observations and am just changing areas, I do not transmit immediately.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6642
			ESE 3, Sea 2, 4/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, no marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6664
			ESE 2-3, Sea 2, 2/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.50		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  60°T, 8 nm.
		09.31		Dived.
				On the basis of previous experience I see the area as heavily patrolled by air and decide to remain submerged by day, particularly since the cloud cover is very unfavorable.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6692	Day's run:  Surfaced 111 nm, Submerged 27 nm.
		16.00	FJ 6689
		16.49 - 17.12		Ventilated the boat.
		20.00	FJ 6922
		22.14	ENE 2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good	Surfaced.
		22.20		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  230°T, 5 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 14.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 15.02.43

	- 25 -
		16.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6918	Junkers compressor out of service.  Can not be repaired with on board means.
			ENE 2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6867
			ENE 2, Sea 1-2, 6/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6875
			ENE 2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  10°T, 8 nm.
		09.31		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6877	Day's run:  Surfaced 80 nm, Submerged 30 nm.
		13.35	FJ 6877	Propeller sounds bearing 230°T, 100°T.
		13.45		At periscope depth, Argentinean freighter in sight, 5000 GRT, bearing 240°R, 110°T, bow right target angle  95-100°, range 3500 meters.  Steamer steers 190°, runs 9-10 knots.  Regular size neutrality markings.  Freighter is loaded, going towards Argentina, seems perfect.  Although stopping and inspecting the steamer is desirable, I see them off.  In this area I think it is impracticable.
		14.00		Turned off.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9133
		17.05 - 17.32		Boat ventilated.
		20.00	FJ 9132
		22.17		Surfaced.
		22.20		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  60°T, 4 nm.
		17.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9126
			ENE 2-3, Sea 1-2, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9145
			NE 2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, faint marine phosphorescence

	Sun and Moon Data 16.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 17.02.43

	- 26 -
		continued
		17.02.43
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8383
			NE 2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.50		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  310°T, 6 nm.
		09.38		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8387	Day's run:  Surfaced 74 nm, Submerged 28 nm.
		16.00	"            FJ 8613
		17.29 - 17.54		Boat ventilated.
		20.00	"            FJ 8615
		22.24		Surfaced.
		22.30		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  185°T, 5 nm.
				Intend to go towards the coast during the night to go back and forth in position with E -W courses on the 200-meter line.
		18.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8535
			E 2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8525
			E 2, Sea 1, 7/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		05.15	FJ 8524	Shadow in sight to port ahead, bearing 60°T.  Turn towards.
		05.20		Shadow is a steamer, this time at long last an enemy.
		05.23		Maneuvered out of the moon sector and began maneuver ahead.  Enemy steers southwesterly course, runs at 12-13 knots.
		05.55		Enemy steers 220°, runs 12 knots.  Considered a large freighter of 6-7000 GRT.
		06.30		At Action Stations.
				Intend to shoot a two fan from the bow tubes, because shooting range will not be less than 3000 meters due to the bright moonlight.
		06.41	E 1-2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night	Ran in for bow approach.  Due to failure of the bearing transmitter from the UZO to the torpedo data computer must shoot with fixed angle.
				Steamer lies very high out, seems empty.  I let depth 2 meters be set without any concern in the calm sea.

	Sun and Moon Data 17.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 18.02.43

	- 27 -
		continued
		18.02.43
		06.59		Two-fan from tubes I and IV.
				Fixed angle 0°, target speed 12 knots, target angle left 80°, range 3000 meters, depth 2 meters.
				Immediately after leaving the tubes both torpedoes broke the surface, then again went deep, emerged once again, and so on. They were followed during their entire run.  Fan passed behind, passing the steamer's wake both torpedoes emerged one more time.  Fan missed because the torpedoes lost speed by jumping out.  So a mess.  This results only from the depth 2 meters, despite the calmest sea.
				Steamer has not noticed, also the steamer still doesn't notice when after 10 minutes running time both torpedoes detonate at end of run.  It is a modern freighter, like the American type C 2, estimated 8000 GRT.  It is larger and longer then I first assumed.
		07.15		New maneuver ahead.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8577	The moon sets.  I can get closer.  Intend a single shot from the bow tubes.
			E 1, Sea 0-1, 4/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night
		08.03		Turn for bow shot.  This time depth 3 meters.
		08.05		Shot from tube III.
				Fixed angle 0°, target angle left 110°, target speed 13 knots, range 1000 meters, depth 3 meters.
		08.06		After 1 minute 6 seconds running time hit in foreship under the forward mast.  High explosion column, Steamer settles deeper forward, turns off to starboard and stops.  A part of the crew takes to the boats.
		08.13		Steamer transmits on the 600-meter wave with a shaky hand:  sss o sss o de pulp pulp pulp lat 12°28' long 37°51'.
		08.15		Steamer gives no indications of sinking.  Decide on a coup de grâce.
		08.19		Coup de grâce from tube V.
				After 49.5 seconds running time hit at the forward edge of the bridge.  Again a high explosion column.  Steamer settles again a bit deeper.
		08.30		Steamer foreship is broken off and sunk.  The aftership however including the bridge to the stern floats.  Offers an amazing picture.  I decide on another coup de grâce.
		08.35		Coup de grâce from tube VI.
				After 35 seconds running time hit at the after edge of the bridge.  High explosion column.  The after part of the steamer sinks slowly.

Sun and Moon Data 18.02.43

	- 28 -
		continue
		18.02.43
		08.43	FJ 8577	The after part of the steamer sinks over the stern, the location of fracture standing steeply upwards.
		08.45		Ran off.
		09.07		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8579	Day's run:  Surfaced 88 nm, Submerged 36 nm.
		16.00	"             FL 8582
		20.00	"             FL 8567
		22.40		Surfaced.
				Intend to set off to inspect and possibly repair the outer tube door of tube II, which had been reported out of service and leaking the after the attack in the morning.
		22.50		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  50°T, 8 nm.
		19.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8641
			E 1-2, Sea 1, 6/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		02.45	FJ 8651	Horizontal detection on 129 cm.  Initially faint, then steady tone, swells quickly to Volume 5.  Interrupted once inbetween.
		02.48		Dived.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8652
		05.13		Surfaced.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8637
			E 2, Sea 1, 6/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		08.45		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  265°T, 9 nm.
		09.14		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8639	Day's run:  Surfaced 46 nm, Submerged 45 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 9414
		17.27 - 17.52		Boat ventilated.
		20.00	"             FJ 9416
		22.27		Surfaced.
		22.36		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  50°T, 4.5 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 18.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 19.02.43

	- 29 -
		20.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9422
			ENE 2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		01.00		Incoming Radio Message 0950/19/312:
				"Klausen" and "Wissmann" report situation immediately.
				Must first complete the repair of the outer tube door.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9199
			E 3, Sea 2, 5/10, Vis. good, moonlit night	Considering the impression of the first 8 days the following situation report was prepared:
		05.15		Outgoing Radio Message 0517/20/:
				Up to now 8 days in the operations area, only occasional escorted and unescorted independents proceeding along the 200-meter line.  Neutral traffic further offset.  Exact situation still not determined.  18 February FJ 8577 modern freighter 8000 GRT, 220°, 13 knots, sunk.  Heavy day land-based air, sometimes continuous air, night air with detection initially after sinking.  10 + 8 torpedoes, 125 cbm, FJ 9199, set off for outer tube door repair.  All naval squares.
				- Wissmann -
		07.30		Inspection of the outer tube door of tube II showed that the outer tube door linkage is probably broken in main ballast tank 8.  Tube II therefore out of service.  It was attempted to force closed the outer tube door fairing from the outside but without success.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9196
			E 2, Sea 2, 8/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		09.30		Since 07.40 hours continually attempted to send the situation report, nothing heard from the Communications Center.
		09.40		Dived.
				Intend to continue work on the outer tube door the following night.  Because I got into severe danger on the last patrol because of a leaking outer tube door, I think it is very important to eliminate this risk factor.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9169	Day's run:  Surfaced 58 nm, Submerged 32 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 9244
		18.01 - 18.17		Boat ventilated.
		20.00	"             FJ 9245

Sun and Moon Data 20.02.43

	- 30 -
		20.02.43
		22.21		Surfaced.
		22.30		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  290°T, 12 nm.
		21.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9244	Work on the outer tube door for tube II is again underway.
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		03.35		Outgoing Radio Message 03.37/21/:
				(Wording same as the day before with corrected position and fuel inventory)
		04.00	Central Atlantic FJ 9162
			E 3, Sea 2-3, 6/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		07.00		Work on the outer tube door fairing completed successfully,  Outer tube door is tight.
		07.24		Situation report sent and apparently heard.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9152
			E 3, Sea 2-3, 2/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		08.50		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  272°T, 20 nm.
		09.37		Dived.
				Intend to go to the coast again.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9118	Day's run:  Surfaced 51 nm, Submerged 26 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 8339
		20.00	"             FJ 8338
		22.20		Surfaced.
		22.25		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  74°T, 10 nm.
				Intend some days in the northern part of square FJ on the 200-meter line with E-W courses back and forth in position.  Suspect NE-SW steering traffic there.
		22.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8325
			E 1, Sea 0-1, 9/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence

	Sun and Moon Data 20.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 21.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 22.02.43

	- 31 -
		continued
		22.02.43
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8315
			E 2, Sea 1-2, 2/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8311
			E 2, Sea 1-2, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  225°T, 5 nm.
		09.44		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8312	Day's run:  Surfaced 61 nm, Submerged 27 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 8316
		20.00	"             FJ 8324
		22.37		Surfaced.
		23.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8326
			E 1-2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		03.08		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  43°T, 3.5 nm.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 5967
			E 2, Sea 1, 5/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 5991
			E 3, Sea 2, 8/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		08.42		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  176°T, 5 nm.
		09.26		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 5992	Day's run:  Surfaced 63 nm, Submerged 26 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 5969
		20.00	"             FJ 6748
		22.15		Surfaced.
		22.20		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  45°T, 10 nm.
		24.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6748
			ESE 2, Sea 1, 5/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, faint marine phosphorescence

	Sun and Moon Data 22.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 23.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 24.02.43

	- 32 -
		continued
		24.02.43
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 5969
			ESE 2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		05.45	FJ 5993	Shadow in sight ahead to starboard bearing 30°R (160°T).  Comes quickly out and shifts quickly to port.
		05.58		Turned behind, apparently large, very fast vessel.  Distance 5 nm, was bigger.
		06.00		Went to "AK".
				Enemy steers general course 40° and zig zags every 10 minutes 30° to each side with stubborn regularity.  Enemy runs very fast.
		07.00		Can not get closer with "AK" although I do not take the zig zags and run on the general course behind the enemy.  On the contrary, the range gets bigger.
		07.05		Hunt broken off due to hopelessness.
		07.10		Enemy out of sight.  By plotting enemy runs at 20 knots.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6772
			E 1-2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		08.55		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  253°T, 8 nm.
		09.31		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 5939	Day's run:  Surfaced 83 nm, Submerged 35 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 8331
		20.00	"             FJ 8326
		22.11		Surfaced.
		22.20		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  265°T, 8 nm.
		25.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8228
			E 1, Sea 0-1, 4/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		00.45		Fu.M.B. out of service, cable broken, repaired.
		03.00		Incoming Radio Message 1830/24/324:
				1.  . . . .
				2.  . . . .
				3.  "Wissmann" on return transit expect supply if necessary.

	Sun and Moon Data 24.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 25.02.43

	- 33 -
		continued
		25.02.43
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8346
			E 2, Sea 1, 2/10, Vis. good, bright moonlit night
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8374
			E 2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  255°T, 5 nm.
		09.32		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8532	Day's run:  Surfaced 65 nm, Submerged 29 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 8534
		20.00	"             FJ 8529
		22.20		Surfaced.
		22.24		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  150°T, 3 nm.
		26.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8558
			ESE 2, Sea 1, 1/10, Vis. good, marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8571
			E 2, Sea 1, 5/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		05.38	FJ 8493	Shadow astern bearing 185°R, 95°T.
		05.40		Turned towards.  Shadow comes quickly out.  Vessel is small, slender, short forecastle, high bridge, long flat aftership, probably a destroyer or gun boat.
		06.02		Enemy steers 230-240°, runs 12 knots.  Vessel is a destroyer or gunboat, now clearly recognized.  (Type "MATTE GROSSO")
		06.16		Turned away, ran off.
			[Weyer's Taschenbuch der Kriegesflotten]	Consider attacking inappropriate, because prospects for success are very slight due to the low draft (according to Weyer 2.3 meters).  Besides, my orders are to destroy the enemy's commercial shipping capacity.   In my opinion, an attack on a destroyer can only be considered if the shot opportunity is very favorable or if the destroyer complicates an attack on merchant ships.  In this case it was not worthwhile.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8495
			E 2, Sea 1-2, 6/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence

	Sun and Moon Data 25.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 26.02.43

	- 34 -
		continued
		26.02.43
		09.33		Dived.
				Intend to go further to the south as far as Bahia.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8732	Day's run:  Surfaced 82 nm, Submerged 29 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 8736
		20.00	"             FJ 8814
		22.18		Surfaced.
		22.25		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  225°T, 4 nm.
		27.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8762
			E 2, Sea 1, 6/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		00.25		Fu.M.B. out of service, cable broken, repaired.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8726
			E 1, Sea 0-1, 6/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8731
			ESE 1-2, Sea 1, overcast, Vis. medium-good, medium-bright night
		09.20		Dived.
				Intend some days back and forth in position off Bahia [Salvador].
		09.50 - 10.05		At periscope depth, nothing seen.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8726	Day's run:  Surfaced 60 nm, Submerged 32 nm.
		12.30 - 12.40		At periscope depth, starboard ahead a three-masted gaff schooner, otherwise nothing.
		16.00 - 16.15	"             FJ 8728	At periscope depth, nothing seen.
		18.40 - 18.50		At periscope depth, to starboard now two three-masted schooners, one ahead to starboard, one astern to starboard, otherwise nothing
		20.00	"             FJ 8743	At periscope depth, now 3 three-masted gaff schooners, all to starboard, otherwise nothing
		22.20		Surfaced.
		22.48	FJ 8748	Horizontally polarized detection at 110 cm.  Dived.  Either the sailing vessels were guards with gear or it was a land detection

	Sun and Moon Data 26.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 27.02.43

	- 35 -
		28.02.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8748
		00.17	ESE 1-2, Sea 1, 2/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence and summer lightening	Surfaced.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8751	Off Bahia, no traffic.
			ESE 1-2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence and summer lightening
		07.15		Fu.M.B. out of service, cable broken, repaired.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8723
			ESE 1-2, Sea 1, 6/10, Vis. changing, moonlit, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  145°T, 5.5 nm.
		09.15		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8753	Day's run:  Surfaced 50 nm, Submerged 48 nm.
		13.40	FJ 8728	Propeller sounds ahead bearing 310°R, 270°T.
		13.50		At periscope depth, to port ahead, bearing 305°R (265°T) two steamers, bow left 10°, range 6000 meters, further to starboard 1 destroyer, target angle 0°
				On looking more carefully several steamer masts distinguished: thus, a convoy running out of Bahia.
		14.00		Convoy is still forming.  It still makes very low speed.
				Because I am positioned directly off the harbor, I refrain from an immediate underwater attack in favor of a more promising night attack on the surface.  Holding contact or promptly finding the convoy again seems quite certain to me.
		14.20		Run submerged ahead of the convoy which is still forming.
		15.50		At periscope depth, convoy has formed, steers 90°, runs at 8 knots.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8729	Convoy shifts slowly ahead.  Attempt initially to maintain contact submerged.
		16.50		At periscope depth, convoy continues to shift ahead.  I count about 18 ships and 5 patrol vessels.  1 steamer straggles.
		18.00		At periscope depth, convoy slowly shifts ahead, slower than plotted so the straggler moves up.  Apparently the convoy waited on him.
				Pursuit continues in the listening gear.
		19.00		At periscope depth, quite thick smoke clouds are still seen, again somewhat shifted ahead.

Sun and Moon Data 28.02.43

	- 36 -
		continued
		28.02.43
		19.30		At periscope depth, an aircraft in sight over the convoy.
		20.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8738
		20.30		Convoy is still clearly audible.  At periscope depth faint smoke clouds can still be seen.
				Intend to surface at first in the evening twilight and then pursue from behind because of the expected continuous air.  Find the convoy with certainty and remain unnoticed.
		20.55		Last sound bearing.
		22.10		Surfaced, pursued.  Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  325°T, 3.5 nm.
				The convoy has probably made a zig zag to the NE in the evening twilight, I intend initially to run to the position where the convoy should be.  Dive there to listen.  I will have caught up so much by then that I must hear it.
		01.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8819
			ESE 1, Sea 0-1, 2/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		00.31		Dived to listen.
		00.40		Perfect sound bearing 300°R, 30°T.
		00.50		Surfaced, pursued in the direction of the sound bearing.  As I had assumed, the convoy has zig zagged to the NE.
		02.40	FJ 8597	Convoy in sight directly ahead.
		03.00		Convoy is ahead of me in double line ahead, very widely separated, steers general course 30°, zig zags 20-30° to each side, so that he is sometimes in echelon and sometimes in double line ahead, runs at 8 knots.  Screen positioned ahead, behind and in the center.
		03.25		At action stations.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8595	I count a total of 23 shadows.  Steamers are apparently unloaded, they lie very high out.  Because I still want to attack before moonrise, I decide to pursue the convoy from behind.  I am positioned astern to port of the convoy, no escort in the vicinity.
			E 1, Sea 0-1, 2/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence

	Sun and Moon Data 28.02.43
	Sun and Moon Data 01.03.43

	- 37 -
		continued
		01.03.43
		04.03		Run in for the first approach.  Intend a double shot from the bow tubes on a freighter of 6000 GRT, unloaded, that has just zigged favorably and then immediately turn for a double stern shot on a freighter of 7000 GRT, also unloaded.  Double shot, because experience has shown that steamers sink with difficulty.  On the basis of experience with depth 2 meters on 18 February I let depth 3 meters be set.  There is a very slight Trade Wind, Sea 1, very slight almost imperceptible swell.  Nevertheless set depth 3 meters, to prevent at all costs surface runner and springing out of the torpedo.
		04.28		Double shot from tube I and IV.
				Fixed angle 320°, target angle right 110°, target speed 8.5 knots, range 1500 meters, depth 3 meters.
		04.29		Turned away for stern shot.
				While turning away I observed one of the two torpedoes broached several times.  The other was also observed broaching.  Otherwise nothing happened.
		04.33		Double shot from tubes V and VI.
				Fixed angle 180°, target angle left 80°, target speed 8.5 knots, range 1500 meters, depth 3 meters.
				Also these torpedoes did not hit.  One of the two broached several times again.
				It is incomprehensible, misses are not possible with the exact shooting data.  Therefore the torpedoes must have under run the target.   If only I had torpedoes with Pi 2.
		04.59		Run with the convoy, no escort vessel disturbs me.  Reloaded torpedo tubes.
		05.36		Ran in for second approach on the 7000 GRT freighter, to me it seems to lie deeper than others nearby.  I still let depth 3 meters be set.  In complete calm I can approach to a good shooting position.  Because, meanwhile, the moon has risen, I must remain a little bit further away.
		06.13		Double shot from tube I and IV.
				Fixed angle 0°, target angle left 110°, target speed 8 knots, range 3000 meters, depth 3 meters.
				This time the torpedoes apparently run correctly. Nevertheless nothing happens.  Miss as a result of target angle and incorrect speed estimate is ruled out.  Torpedoes must have passed below again.  Must I watch while this big opportunity slowly passes unused?
				I decide to take a single shot with depth 2 meters on the same steamer with the same shooting data.

Sun and Moon Data 01.03.43

	- 38 -
		continued
		01.03.43
		06.34		Run in for a third approach.
		06.52		Shot from tube VI.
				Fixed angle 180°, target angle left 90°, target speed 8 knots, range 2000 meters, depth 2 meters.
				Torpedo again springs out several times, however hits after 2 minutes 39 seconds in the aftership.  Heavy detonation cloud.  Steamer remains on an even keel and shoots red tracers in my direction.  Rear destroyer comes on below a thick smoke cloud towards me.  Convoy zig zags several tens of degrees away.
		07.00		Evaded on the dark horizon.
		07.15		Destroyer gives up and stops.  Still ran somewhat further away.
		07.25		Again turned behind the convoy.  Still have 3 torpedoes below deck.  Should I still try an approach on the convoy or instead remain with the wounded steamer and sink him completely?
		07.35		Defeated and affected by the just experienced hours I decide on the latter.  I want to sink at least one steamer, because only a sunken steamer is destroyed and a success in the U-boat war.
				The destroyer still stands back and forth with the steamer.
		07.55		Dived.  Because in the meanwhile, the moonlight has gotten very light intend to run in submerged and to give the coup de grâce at dawn, in the process to fire at the destroyer at a favorable opportunity.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8566
			E 1, Sea 0-1, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		08.30		Strong, destroyer propeller sounds to port growing louder.   Sound bearing stands.  Sounds were louder, went to depth A meters and silent speed.  Sounds shift very slowly astern, stop abruptly.
		09.30		At periscope depth.  Steamer still lies there, destroyer can not be seen.  Suspect he is on the other side of the steamer.  Go around the steamer's stern.
		09.53		At periscope depth.  Also on the other side of the steamer there is no destroyer.  Probably he has run off behind the convoy.
				Ran in for a coup de grâce.

Sun and Moon Data 01.03.43

	- 39 -
		continued
		01.03.43
		10.20		At periscope depth.  While turning for the coup de grâce flying boat in sight over the steamer.  This is all I need.  Went deep and ran off a little bit.
		10.50		At periscope depth.  Flying boat is no longer seen.
		11.00		Again ran in for coup de grâce.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8566	Day's run:  Surfaced 106 nm, Submerged 43 nm.
		12.15		Coup de grâce from tube III.
				Shooting angle 0°, target speed 0 knots, range 1500 meters, depth 2 meters.
				After 2 minutes 33 seconds hit at the after edge of the bridge.  The steamer does not move.  The bridge has collapsed.
				I can not afford to wait any longer, the steamer must go.
		12.21		Coup de grâce from tube I.
				Shooting angle 0°, target speed 0 knots, range 1500 meters, depth 2 meters.
				After 2 minutes 5 seconds hit at the forward edge of the bridge.  Steamer starts to sink slowly.
				Also both torpedoes were followed by me in the periscope, both were observed jumping out several times.
		12.25		Steamer sinks over the sternpost.
				Ran off.
				This paltry result from a night in a convoy with an untrained screen is very crushing.
				Intend to remain submerged for the rest of the day to reload upper deck torpedoes the following night and then pursue from behind the convoy. By plotting I can catch him if I am not forced to submerge too often, before he turns to the NW in FC70.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8645
		20.00	"             FJ 8651
		22.12		Surfaced.
		22.16		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  350°T, 8 nm.
		02.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8636	Begin to reload.
			ESE 1, Sea 0-1, 2/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8636
			ESE 1, Sea 0-1, 1/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night

	Sun and Moon Data 01.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 02.03.43

	- 40 -
		continued
		02.03.43
		05.30		Outgoing Radio Message 0535/2/190/378:
				1.  28 February 14.00 hours convoy FJ 8719 course 0°, 8 knots, 18 empty steamers, 5 escort vessels.  03.00 hours convoy FJ 8597 course 30°, 07.00 hours FJ 8566 course NE.  1 freighter 7000 GRT sunk.  FJ 9411, 1 + 8 torpedoes, loading, 100 cbm, intend to pursue, all naval squares.
				2.  Officer only.  Of 14 Etos 8 missed due to irregular depth keeping.  Shooting data perfect.  Set depth 2 and 3 meters undependable with Sea 1 and very slight swell on 6-8000 GRT freighter, unloaded or in ballast.  Torpedoes jumped out several times.  Believe thereby under ran and loss of speed.  Depth keeping apparatus normal during work through.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8636
			E 1, Sea 0-1, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.24		Radio Message sent and understood.
		08.30		Reloading completed.
		08.55		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  120°T, 10 nm.
		09.20 - 10.20		Test dive.
				Ran behind the convoy at 2 x HF.
		11.18	FJ 9412	"Crash dive" for aircraft in approach.
				Have been seen, must therefore remain submerged longer.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9412	Day's run:  Surfaced 41 nm, Submerged 43 nm.
		14.34		Surfaced.  Again took up the chase.
		15.45	FJ 9188	"Crash dive" for aircraft.
				Getting ahead with this heavy air is impossible.  An examination of the chart shows that I can no longer reach the convoy before it gets to the corner in FC 70.  Broke off.
				The greatest opportunity of this patrol has passed by.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9188
		20.00	"             FJ 9186
		22.09		Surfaced.
		22.20		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  30°T, 3 nm.
		23.05		Outgoing Radio Message 2305/2/383:
				1.  Forced to submerge by continuous air.  Pursuit hopeless, broken off.
				2.  7 days in FJ 80,  except for convoy no traffic.  Slight seas, off main harbor detection.
				3.  Day heavy, regular air, also set off.
				4.  FJ 9192, going to FJ 30, naval squares.  Am missing Serial No. 353 of 25 February, 306, 15, 18 of 26 February and 346 of 27 February.
				- Wissmann -

Sun and Moon Data 02.03.43

	- 41 -
		03.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9167
			NE 1, Sea 0-1, 2/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9122
			NE 1-2, Sea 1, 2/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6751
			NE 1-2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night. faint marine phosphorescence
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  325°T, 8 nm.
		09.33		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6727	Day's run:  Surfaced 97 nm, Submerged 27 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 6725
		20.00	"             FJ 6723
		22.04		Surfaced.
		04.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6499
			ESE 2, Sea 1-2, 8/10, Vis. good, dark night, marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6557
			E 2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, medium-bright, marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6562
			E 2, Sea 1, 2/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence
		08.50		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  120°T, 3 nm.
		09.29		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6536	Day's run:  Surfaced 76 nm, Submerged 33 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 6533
		20.00	"             FJ 6374
		22.03		Surfaced.
		22.10		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  40°T, 6 nm.
		05.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6265
			E 2, Sea 1, 2/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence

	Sun and Moon Data 03.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 04.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 05.03.43

	- 42 -
		continued
		05.03.43
		01.10	FJ 6265	Light in sight to starboard ahead, 25°R, 335°T.  Turned towards it.  A brightly lit steamer.
		02.00		It is an Argentinean freighter, 5-6000 GRT, course 180°, speed 10 knots, perfect markings.
		02.05		Incoming Radio Message 1647/4/395:
				To "Wissmann":  Italian boat sinkings:  1st on 2 March Brazilian in FR 43 course 200°, 12 knots.  2nd on 3 March large American in FQ 23, course 230°, 16 knots.
				He was lucky.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6225
			E 2, Sea 1, 6/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3899
			E 2-3, Sea 2, 5/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  280°T, 4 nm.
		09.16		Dived.
		09.30	FJ 3896	Propeller sounds to starboard ahead, 35°R, 95°T.
				Sounds shift slowly ahead.
		10.00		At periscope depth nothing seen. Sounds shift further ahead.
		10.30		At periscope depth nothing seen.
		10.41		Surfaced.  Smoke cloud ahead, 55°T.  Turned to run towards. Vessel shifts out to port, very slowly.
		11.40		Smoke stack and mast are out.  Vessel has bow left, broad target angle, steers therefore a northerly course.
		11.49		Vessel has changed course, is not bow right, steering southerly course.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3972	Day's run:  Surfaced 103 nm, Submerged 27 nm.
			E 2-3, Sea 2, 3/10, Vis. good
		12.05		Vessel has changed course again, now steers an easterly course.  Smokes heavily.  Vessel has a very thin smokestack and a very high mast.
		12.33		Vessel has changed bows again, lies now on a SW course sharply towards me.
		12.36		Vessel is out up to the bridge.  He is a patrol vessel, small, fishing trawler type vessel.
		12.38		Dived.
		12.45		At periscope depth.  Smoke feather and quite faintly the mast tips are distinguished.
		13.00		Vessel does not come closer.

Sun and Moon Data 05.03.43

	- 43 -
		continued
		05.03.43
		13.15		Propeller sounds are getting faint again and do not shift.  At periscope depth only a faint smoke haze can be seen.  Therefore moved further off.  Afterwards back and forth in position.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3943
		20.00	"             FJ 3916
		21.58		Surfaced.
		22.05		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  35°T, 5 nm.
		06.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3681
			ENE 2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3628
			ENE 2, Sea 1, 7/10, Vis. good, marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3383
			ENE 2, Sea 1, 5/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence
		09.28 - 10.31		Test dive.
				Intend to try once more to remain on the surface.
		10.54	FJ 3356	"Crash dive" for 2 aircraft to port astern in approach.
				Remained submerged.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3356	Day's run:  Surfaced 101 nm, Submerged 34 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 3355
		20.00	"             FJ 3351
		21.55		Surfaced.
		07.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3239
			Wind calm, Sea 0, 1/10, Vis. good, ,marine phosphorescence
		00.09		Light in sight to starboard ahead bearing 30°R, 320°T.  Turned towards.  A brightly lit steamer.
		01.00		It is the Argentinean tanker of "13 December", course 180°, speed 12 knots.

	Sun and Moon Data 05.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 06.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 07.03.43

	- 44 -
		continued
		07.03.43
		02.55	FJ 3225	Illuminated aircraft to port ahead passing by to starboard astern.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3213
			E 1-2, Sea 0-1, 2/10, medium-bright night, Vis. medium, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7867
			E 1-2, Sea 0-1, 1/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  315°T, 6 nm.
		09.26		Dived.
				Intend to go to FC 75 and spend several days there back and forth in position.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7863	Day's run:  Surfaced 100 nm, Submerged 24 nm.
		16.00	"             FC 7917
		20.00	"             FC7839
		21.58		Surfaced.
		22.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  163°T, 1 nm.
		08.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7828
			E 1, Sea 0-1, 2/10, Vis. medium to good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		02.15		Fu.M.B. out of service, cable broken, repaired.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7815
			E 2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7584
			E 1-2, Sea 1, 2/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  320°T, 5 nm.
		09.26		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7584	Day's run:  Surfaced 76 nm, Submerged 34 nm.
		16.00	"             FC 7578
		20.00	"             FC 7496
		21.59		Surfaced.
		22.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  310°T, 7 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 07.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 08.03.43

	- 45 -
		09.03.43	Central Atlantic  FC 7463	I very much hope to find something here at the corner where traffic must pass.
			E 2, Sea 1, 2/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, heavy marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7496
			ESE 2, Sea 1-2, 2/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence, summer lightening
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7493
			ESE 2, Sea 1-2, 3/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  280°T, 12 nm.
		09.15	FC 7493	Vessel in sight to starboard astern, bearing 150°R, 324°T sharp target angle.
		09.22		Dived.
		09.26		At periscope depth, tanker in sight, bow left 40°, range 6000 meters.  Enemy course 150°, speed 9 knots.
		09.50		To Action Stations.
		09.55		Tanker is again a neutral.  It is the Argentinean tanker "JUVENAL"
		10.16		Dismissed from Action Stations.
		10.34	FC 7493	New sound bearing 254°R, 68°T.
				At periscope depth, freighter in sight, bow left 85°, range 5000 meters, course 310°, 10 knots.
		10.45		Again it is an Argentinean.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7493	Day's run:  Surfaced 72 nm, Submerged 38 nm.
		14.02	FC 7496	Sound bearing 350°R, 160°T.  At periscope depth, tanker in sight.
		14.20		Argentinean tanker ("FLORENTINO AMEGHINO")
				The third neutral in one day!
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7499
		20.00	"             FC 7577
		21.59		Surfaced.
		22.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  145°T, 3 nm.
		22.20		Fu.M.B. out of service, cable broken, repaired.

Sun and Moon Data 09.03.43

	- 46 -
		10.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7573
			ESE 2-3, Sea 2, 1/10, Vis. good
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7564
			SE 2-3, Sea 1-2, 2/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7573
			SE 2-3, Sea 1-2, 3/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence
		08.54	FC 7575	Horizontally polarized detection on 139 cm.
		08.56		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7573	Day's run:  Surfaced 66 nm, Submerged 29 nm.
		16.00	"             FC 7581
		20.00	"             FC 7581
		21.55		Surfaced.
		11.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7578
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 2/10, Vis. medium to good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7578
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 4/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7559
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 4/10, Vis. good, heavy marine phosphorescence
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  20°T, 5 nm.
		09.24		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7582	Day's run:  Surfaced 82 nm, Submerged 28 nm.
		16.00	"             FC 7573
		20.00	"             FC 7575
		22.01		Surfaced.  Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  302°T, 3 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 10.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 11.03.43

	- 47 -
		12.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7575
			E 2, Sea 1, 5/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence, summer lightening
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7555
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 5/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7535
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 5/10, Vis. medium to good
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  230°T, 4 nm.
		09.28		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7529	Day's run:  Surfaced 68 nm, Submerged 42 nm.
		16.00	"             FC 7543
		20.00	"             FC 7545
		21.59		Surfaced.
		22.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  269°T, 3 nm.
		23.00		Fu.M.B. out of service, cable broken, repaired.
		13.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7574
			E 2, Sea 1-2, 3/10, Vis. good, rain shower, moonlit night
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7819
			E 2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7855
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 7/10, Vis. good, rain showers
		08.50		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  282°T, 6 nm.
		08.55	FC 7855	Shadow in sight, to starboard astern bearing 160°R, 290°T.
				It is a steamer, comes out very quickly and was quickly larger and clearer.  Considered a modern freighter, about 7000 GRT, had bow right target angle 80°, thus steering 30°
				Because morning twilight has already begun, I run off.  Steamer is nearly completely out.
		09.05		Steamer has zig zagged, apparently lies sharply towards me.  Because it is quickly getting light, I run further off.  Steamer runs at high speed.

	Sun and Moon Data 12.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 13.03.43

	- 48 -
		continued
		13.03.43
		09.14		Steamer is suddenly out of sight.  Turn on a parallel course.
				Apparently I had been directly on his NE zigzag, so that he did not approach just now, but has zig zagged away and, because he is very fast, he passed out of sight in my own diesel smoke, glimmering and unsteady air.
		09.17		Pursued.
		09.30		In the mean time it is become completely bright, visibility is very good, nevertheless nothing is seen of the steamer.
		10.00		Because still nothing is seen, dived to listen.
		10.10		Quite faint sound bearing to starboard ahead, true bearing NW.
		10.15		Because the steamer is a fast runner, by plotting he runs at 15-17 knots, I do not take up his pursuit.  With the heavy air and my low speed excess there is no prospect of success.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FC 7852	Day's run:  Surfaced 75 nm, Submerged 37 nm.
		16.00	"             FC 7858
		20.00	"             FC 7882
		22.00		Surfaced.
		14.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3221
			SE 3, Sea 2, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		00.30		Incoming Radio Message 2101/13/120:
				1.  . . . .
				2.  "Wissmann", "Lauzemis", report situation, also "Piening" if noticed.
				Because I am positioned directly off the coast, I can not transmit.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3251
			E 3, Sea 2, 2/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3283
			E 3, Sea 2-3, 3/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  258°T, 3 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 13.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 14.03.43

	- 49 -
		continued
		14.03.43
		09.25		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3294	Day's run:  Surfaced 57 nm, Submerged 30 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 3296
		20.00	"             FJ 3374
		21.56		Surfaced.
		22.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  125°T, 3.5 nm.
		15.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3379	Incoming Radio Message 2105/14/354:
			ESE 2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence	1.  . . . .
				2.  "Wissmann" report situation.
				3.  . . . .
				Because I have been asked to report two times I decide to send a Radio Message on alternate frequency.
		01.15		Outgoing Radio Message 0114/15/:
				1.  Since 5 March in FJ 30 and FC 70, focal point FC 75.  13 March FC 7855 independent course N, 16 knots, no success.  Otherwise only sometimes heavy Argentine traffic on S and NW courses, correct markings.
				2.  Defense as before.
				3.  FJ 3621, trade wind weather 4, 9 torpedoes, 75 cbm.
				- Wissmann -
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3628
			ESE 2-3, Sea 2, 4/10, Vis. good, bright moonlit night
		05.04		Radio Message sent on alternate frequency, nothing heard.
		05.23		Sent yet again, again not heard.  As a consequence:
		07.09	FJ 3649	Horizontally polarized detection on 140 cm.
		07.10		Dived.
				It is a real travesty that those who should hear me have not heard me, and those who should not hear me have heard me, despite alternate frequency.
				Because while diving the Fu.M.B. cable was broken again, remained submerged.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3648

	Sun and Moon Data 14.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 15.03.43

	- 50 -
		continued
		15.03.43
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3676	Day's run:  Surfaced 58 nm, Submerged 35 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 3921
		20.00	"             FJ 3925
		22.03		Surfaced.  Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  95°T, 8 nm.
		16.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 3955	Because I have been detected with certainty in the northern part of my operating area, I intend to return to FJ 80.  I will wait one more night to send the situation report, to set off somewhat to the south and to transmit.
			ESE 2, Sea 1-2, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		03.00		Incoming Radio Message 1839/15/392:
				1.  "Nietzel" and "Wissmann" report situation.
				2.  . . . .
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6312
			ESE 2, Sea 1, 2/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, faint marine phosphorescence
		06.40	FJ 6239	Light in sight to starboard ahead bearing 45°R, 265°T.  Turned towards.  It can only be an Argentinean.
		07.40		It is indeed an Argentinean freighter again, 5-6000 GRT, course 20°, speed 10 knots.
		07.50		Turned off.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6262
			ESE 1-2, Sea 0-1, 1/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.23		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6282	Day's run:  Surfaced 97 nm, Submerged 35 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 6289
		20.00	"             FJ 6526
		21.56		Surfaced.
		22.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  174°T, 3 nm.
		17.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6568
			ESE 2, Sea 1, 2/10, Vis. good, moonlit night

	Sun and Moon Data 15.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 16.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 17.03.43

	- 51 -
		continued
		17.03.43
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6911	Incoming Radio Message 2245/16/335:
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 5/10, Vis. good, rain showers, moonlit night, faint marine phosphorescence	1.  "Lüdden" and "Fiedler" tonight report weather by Short Signal, "Hartenstein", "Piening" and "Wissmann" brief traffic report and position.
				2.  . . . .
				Will transmit now, transmission danger must be accepted.
		05.10		Outgoing Radio Message 0514/17/:
				Since 5 March in FJ 30 and FC 70, focal point FC 75.  13 March FC 7855 independent, course N, 16 knots, no success.  Otherwise only occasionally heavy Argentinean traffic on S and NW courses, correct markings.  Defense as before, multiple night air detections on 140 cm.  FJ 6911 trade wind weather 4, 9 torpedoes, 73 cbm, going to FJ 80.
				- Wissmann -
		06.30		Radio Message sent and understood.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6944
			ESE 1-2, Sea 1, 2/10, Vis. good, marine phosphorescence
		09.02		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6868	Day's run:  Surfaced 81 nm, Submerged 36 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 6867
		20.00	"             FJ 6883
		21.57		Surfaced.
		22.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  174°T, 4 nm.
		18.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9212
			E 1-2, Sea 0-1, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		00.44	FJ 9215	Brief horizontally polarized detection on 140 cm, remained on the surface, no steady tone, no attack.
		01.10		Fu.M.B. out of service, cable broken.
		01.13		Dived, due to the acute air danger submerged during the cable repair.
		01.52		Surfaced.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9137
			E 1-2, Sea 0-1, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night

	Sun and Moon Data 17.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 18.03.43

	- 52 -
		continued
		18.03.43
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9146
			E 1-2, Sea 0-1, 3/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.55		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  310°T, 6 nm.
		09.16		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9147	Day's run:  Surfaced 83 nm, Submerged 28 nm.
		14.55	FJ 8393	Propeller sounds bearing 93°R, 333°T.
		15.10		At periscope depth, several smoke clouds, a patrol vessel mast in sight, shifting slowly to the south, therefore a southbound convoy.
		15.33		Air escort over the convoy, flying boat (type Consolidated) turns toward me.  Went deep.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8392	Convoy plotted by sound bearings.  General course 230°, convoy speed 7-8 knots.
		18.30		Sound bearings are fainter.
				At periscope depth, nothing more seen.
		19.30		Sound bearing disappears.  Remained submerged.
				Because it can only be going to Bahia, I can certainly find it again when I surface at darkness.
		20.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8394
		21.58		Surfaced.
		22.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  45°T, 8 nm.
				Pursued behind the convoy, must get in sight at 02.00 hours.
		19.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8615
			ESE 1, Sea 0-1, 1/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		01.20		Convoy in sight to port ahead bearing 340°R, 217°T, about 6-8 nm away.
		02.30		Positioned to port astern of the convoy.  Convoy consists of 8 steamers and 6 destroyers.  Apparently steamers proceed in 2 columns.  Escorts positioned all around.  Behind a heavily zig zagging, especially large sweeper.  (We later learn through prisoners statements that it is the small Brazilian cruiser "BAHIA".  Had I only known that!).  Because of the bright moonlight (2 days before the full moon) and numerous escorts, I can not get close enough for a surface night attack, therefore intend a submerged night attack.

	Sun and Moon Data 18.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 19.03.43

	- 53 -
		continued
		19.03.43
		02.35		Maneuvered ahead at the limit of visibility on the port side of the convoy.
		03.00		I come only slowly ahead.  Convoy smokes quite heavily, it has increased speed for an hour, by matching speed apparently runs to arrive off Bahia in any case by the beginning of day.  (later confirmed by prisoner statements).
		03.30		Enemy speed by plotting 11-12 knots.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8588	The large sweeper aft and the port flank escort force me to stand off quite far.
			ESE 1, Sea 0-1, 2/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		05.00		Because I can still not get ahead, intend to close the flank and shoot a long range fan.
		05.15		At Action Station.  Angled in.
		05.30		Suddenly the convoy lies before me at a sharp target angle in broad formation, apparently zig zagged towards.
		05.37		Ran ahead of the convoy.
				Because I do not have a complete overview of the situation at the moment, I cannot decide whether I should attack on the surface or submerged.
		05.54		I decide after some hemming and hawing on a submerged attack.
		05.57		Dived, convoy at target angle left 10° to right 10°, about 6000 meters distant.
		06.02		At periscope depth.
				In the mean time it has gotten so dark, that I can no longer see exactly.  The moon is positioned unfavorably and sets slowly.  Dark clouds cover the sky.
		06.12		I have been submerged for 15 minutes, in this time the convoy has closed to 2500-3000 meters.  I can no longer see.  Propeller sounds are heard all around.  Except for two large blurred shadows I can not find anything in the darkness.
				Went deep.  Must abandon the underwater attack due to the defective lighting and let the convoy run over me.
				If only I'd remained on the surface, I could still have shot.
		06.30		Convoy slowly moves around me.
		07.00		Convoy has passed over me.
		07.05		At periscope depth.  Moon has set, it is pitch black.
		07.10		Shadow in sight to starboard ahead bearing 45°R, 275°T, can not make out the target angle exactly, seems however sharp target angle and once again go deep.

Sun and Moon Data 19.03.43

	- 54 -
		continued
		19.03.43
		07.30		At periscope depth, shadow to starboard ahead, lies apparently off, it is growing smaller.
		07.47		Surfaced, shadow ahead to starboard, otherwise nothing seen.
		07.50		Stand now again hopelessly behind the convoy. I regard another pursuit to directly off the harbor, one hour before it gets light, as senseless and hopeless.
				Turned off to the east.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8817
			E 1, Sea 0-1, 3/10, Vis. good, no marine phosphorescence
		08.05		New shadow abeam to starboard, turned towards.
		08.13		Shadow is a steamer with a broad target angle.  Also in this case pursuit appears hopeless to me.  I regard it now as correct to remain unnoticed and to wait for a departing steamer later, than to attempt an attack starting from a very unfavorable position and give myself away.
		08.15		Turned away to the east.
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  230°T, 2.5 nm.
		09.17		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8819	Day's run:  Surfaced 124 nm, Submerged 34 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 8828
		20.00	"             FJ 8829
		22.10		Surfaced.
		22.20		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  23°T, 2.5 nm.
				Intend to wait on a departing steamer off Bahia on SW and NE courses.
		20.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8852
			E 1, Sea 0-1, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		01.50	FJ 8846	Smoke cloud in sight to starboard ahead 50°R, 290°T.  Turned towards.  Shadow comes closer, seems high and small.
		02.20		Initially thought to be a patrol vessel and turned away.  Vessel seems to turn after me.  Ran off sidestepping.

	Sun and Moon Data 19.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 20.03.43

	- 55 -
		continued
		20.03.43
		02.50		Vessel slowly becomes broader and does not follow us.
		03.00		Vessel is a steamer, course 115°, 12 knots, does not zig zag.
		03.50		At Action Stations.
				Intend a submerged night attack in the bright moonlight.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8883
			E 1, Sea 0-1, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.02		Dived, steamer is bow right 10°, about 6000 meters away.
		04.05		At periscope depth.
		04.07		Turned for a bow shot.
		04.15		Steamer has a sharper target angle than estimated at first, he lies now at target angle 0° towards me.
		04.16		Turned away, switched to a stern shot.  Steamer is quite large, estimated at 7000 GRT.
		04.27		Shot from tube V.
				Target angle right 88°, target speed 12 knots, range 1200 meters, depth 2 meters.
				After 57 seconds running time hit forward, steamer settles forward somewhat deeper, reduces RPM, stops, then goes again and turns towards me.
		04.35		Steamer turns again, apparently on opposite course and runs at nearly full speed.  Intend a second stern shot.
		04.38		Shot from tube VI.
				Target angle 91°, target speed 11 knots, range 600 meters, depth 2 meters.
				After 36.6 seconds running time hit again forward, high dark explosion column.  Steamer settles forward again somewhat deeper, stops and lists a bit to the port side, rights itself quickly again and remains lying on an even keel.  Part of the crew goes to the boats.  Lights can still be seen on the steamer.
		05.00		Steamer still gives no indication of sinking.  I decide on a coup de grâce.
		05.10		Coup de grâce from tube IV.
				Shooting angle 0°, target speed 0 knots, range 1000 meters, depth 2 meters.
				After 66.6 seconds running time hit again forward, however aim point was aft 30 meters.  The steamer still does not budge.
		05.38	FJ 8383	The steamer tilts forward and sinks over the forestem.
		06.15		Surfaced, went to the boats.

Sun and Moon Data 20.03.43

	- 56 -
		continued
		20.03.43
		07.00		First Officer and Radio Officer taken over, Captain could not be found.
				Steamer was the Dutch "MARISO", 7659 GRT, built in Germany.  Was with yesterday's convoy from New York via the Windward Passage, via Aruba, Trinidad, along the coast to Bahia.  Sailed from there bound for Alexandria via Cape Town.  Cargo inventory was 4 large 4-engined aircraft, 8 heavy and 6 light tanks, ammunition, explosives, automobile and aircraft tires, destined for Turkey (according to statements of the prisoners).
				The lifeboat from which the First Officer and the Radio Officer were taken over had 2 masts and was equipped with a radio.  Attempting to transmit as we lay alongside.  Equipment was destroyed.
		07.14		Ran off.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8894
			ESE 1, Sea 0-1, 5/10, Vis. good, moonlit night.
		09.17		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8895	Day's run:  Surfaced 80 nm, Submerged 32 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 8899
		20.00	"             FJ 8977
		22.09		Surfaced.
				Intend to continue searching here.
		21.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FQ 2236
			ESE 1-2, Sea 0-1, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FQ 2259
			ESE 1-2, Sea 0-1, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FQ 2278
			ESE 1-2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		08.10	FQ 2278	Horizontally polarized detection at 140 cm, rising steady tone.
		08.11		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FQ 2275	Day's run:  Surfaced 74 nm, Submerged 28 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 20.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 21.03.43

	- 57 -
		continued
		21.03.43
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FQ 2272
		20.00	"             FQ 2245
		22.14		Surfaced.
		22.20		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  342°T, 6 nm.
		22.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FQ 2215
			E 1, Sea 0-1, 2/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8848
			E 2, Sea 1, 8/10, rain showers, Vis. good, moonlight night
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8845
			E 2, Sea 1, 3/10, rain showers, Vis. good, moonlit
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  85°T, 2.5 nm.
		09.28		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8872	Day's run:  Surfaced 74 nm, Submerged 31 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 8878
		20.00	"             FQ 2212
		22.10		Surfaced.
		22.15		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  285°T, 2 nm.
		23.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FQ 2136
			E 2, Sea 1, 7/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8887
			E 2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8844
			E 1, Sea 0-1, 2/10, Vis. good, moonlit
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  264°T, 8 nm.
		09.09		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8817	Day's run:  Surfaced 77 nm, Submerged 30 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 8815
		20.00	"             FJ 8813

	Sun and Moon Data 21.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 22.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 23.03.43

	- 58 -
		continued
		23.03.43
		22.10		Surfaced.
		22.15		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  48°T, 4.5 nm.
		24.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8585	Because my fuel is slowly dwindling, I intend to go slowly to the north along the determined convoy route.
			E 2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8562
			E 2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		06.15	FJ 8614	Brief horizontally polarized detection on 125 cm.
		06.20		Detection comes again, was rising continuous tone.
		06.22		Dived.
		07.38		Surfaced.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8612
			E 1, Sea 0-1, 2/10, Vis. good, moonlit
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  40°T, 5 nm.
		09.15		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8379	Day's run:  Surfaced 68 nm, Submerged 33 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 8381
		20.00	"             FJ 8359
		22.07		Surfaced.
		22.10	FJ 9181	Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  40°T, 5 nm.
		22.46	FJ 8361	Horizontally polarized detection at 140 cm, steady tones.
		22.47		Dived.
		23.58		Surfaced.
		25.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 8361
			E 2, Sea 1-2, 6/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		00.25	FJ 8361	Horizontally polarized detection at 140 cm, steady tone.
		00.26		Dived.
				Apparently I am detected on the convoy route.  Course change with the intention of setting off somewhat.

	Sun and Moon Data 23.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 24.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 25.03.43

	- 59 -
		continued
		25.03.43
		02.10		Surfaced.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9142
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 5/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		05.30	FJ 9151	Light in sight to port ahead bearing 350°R, 80°T.  It is a steamer with set navigation lights.  Steering southerly course, runs at medium speed.
				Steamer has only steaming lights and side lanterns set.  He carries no other lights or markings.  In accordance with Standing Kriegsmarine Order No. 101 B II 5 c I can attack him without warning.
		05.50		Maneuvered ahead.  Steamer steers 200°, runs at 12 knots, yaws heavily, however, does not zig zag.  Estimate normal freighter of 5000 GRT.
		06.40		At Action Stations.
				Intend due to the bright moon a two-fan at 3-4000 meters.
		07.03		Ran in for attack.
		07.07		Fan from tubes I and III.
				Fixed angle 0°, target speed 12 knots, target angle right 80°, depth 3 meters.
				After 1 minute 44 seconds running time hit in the foreship.  High, dark explosion column, lights on the steamer, boats are lowered.  Steamer settles deeper forward.
				By the running time the steamer was 2100 meters away, therefore the range was greatly over estimated.
				Steamer attempts to transmit, however gets only a couple of characters out.
		07.15		Steamer sinks over the forestem.
		07.16		Went to the boats.
		07.50		Captain, First Officer and Engineering Officer taken over.  Departed.
				Steamer was the Swedish "INDUSTRIA" 1600 GRT, so a let down.  Too bad about the second torpedo.  Steamer was loaded with piece goods, from Philadelphia for Rio de Janeiro.  By the big crates which had stood on deck and by the greatly overestimated range he was estimated as much bigger.  I had not expected such small ships here.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9181
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 4/10, rain showers, Vis. good, moonlit, no marine phosphorescence
		09.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  185°T, 2 nm.
		09.18		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9164	Day's run:  Surfaced 63 nm, Submerged 51 nm.

Sun and Moon Data 25.03.43

	- 60 -
		continued
		25.03.43
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9161
		20.00	"             FJ 9138
		21.58		Surfaced.
		22.00		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  210°T, 1.5 nm.
		26.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 9133
			E 2, Sea 1-2, 6/10, Vis. medium to good, medium-bright night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6872
			E 3, Sea 2, 6/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6824
			E 2-3, Sea 2, 1/10, Vis. good, moonlit
		08.50		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  85°T, 6 nm.
		09.12		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6589	Day's run:  Surfaced 69 nm, Submerged 30 nm.
		16.00	"             FJ 6594
		20.00	"             FJ 6592
		21.53		Surfaced.
		22.25	FJ 6569	Horizontally polarized detection at 140 cm, dived.
		23.04		Surfaced.
		27.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6644
			E 2-3, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. medium to good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6621
			E 2, Sea 1-2, 7/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		05.00		Incoming Radio Message  1352/24/303:
				1.  . . . .
				2.  "Wissmann" begin return transit and report.  Head for square DG 50.  Same objective for Hartenstein.
				3.  . . . .
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6391
			E 2, Sea 1-2, 7/10, Vis. changing, moonlit
		08.45		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  45°T, 6 nm.
		09.07		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6365	Day's run:  Surfaced 72 nm, Submerged 30 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 25.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 26.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 27.03.43

	- 61 -
		continued
		27.03.43
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FJ 6363
		20.00	"             FK 4117
		21.55		Surfaced.
		28.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FK 4144	Still intend to spend on night off Pernambuco to operate on traffic for Cape Town.
			E 2-3, Sea 2, 3/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence
		03.00		Incoming Radio Message 1858/27/341:
				1.  . . . .
				2.  . . . .
				3.  "Wissmann", "Hartenstein", report position and fuel.
				Intend to transmit first in the following night.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FK 4118
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 8/10, rain showers, Vis. changing, dark night, marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FK 4127
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 8/10, rain showers, Vis. good, moonlit, no marine phosphorescence
		08.50		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  60°T, 5 nm.
		09.14		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FK 4123	Day's run:  Surfaced 71 nm, Submerged 30 nm.
		16.00	"             FK 1797
		20.00	"             FK 1795
		21.51		Surfaced.
				Outgoing Radio Message 2151/28/:
				20 March FJ 8883 "MARISO" 110°, 12 knots, 25 March FJ 9181 "INDUSTRIA" 200°, 12 knots, sunk.  5 prisoners on board.  Return transit.  FK 1796, 48 cbm, Trade Wind weather 4, 1 plus 3 torpedoes, request new cable for Metox.
				- Wissmann -
		29.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FK 1847
			ENE 2-3, Sea 1-2, 7/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence
		00.15		Radio Message sent and understood.

	Sun and Moon Data 27.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 28.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 29.03.43

	- 62 -
		continued
		29.03.43
		01.40		Incoming Radio Message 2214/28/374:
				1. . . .
				2.  "Hartenstein", "Wissmann", report position.
				3.  . . . .
				Already done.
		02.00		Time set to German Summer Time (1 hour ahead).
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FK 1819
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 2/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FK 1588
			E 2-3, Sea 1-2, 5/10, rain showers, Vis. good, moonlit
		09.40		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  215°T, 6 nm.
		10.08		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FK 1583	Day's run:  Surfaced 69 nm, Submerged 27 nm.
		16.00	"             FK 1567
		20.00	"             FK 1565
		22.50		Surfaced.  Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  138°T, 6 nm.
		30.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FK 1641
			E 2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FK 1613
			E 2, Sea 1, C 2, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.50	FK 1384	Illuminated aircraft to port ahead, course approximately south.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FK 1359
			E 2, Sea 1, 7/10, Vis. medium to good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.40		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  215°T, 2 nm.
		10.26		Dived.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FK 1361	Day's run:  Surfaced 69 nm, Submerged 32 nm.
		16.00	"             FK 1338
		17.23 - 18.06		Boat ventilated.
		20.00	"             FK 1333

	Sun and Moon Data 29.03.43
	Sun and Moon Data 30.03.43

	- 63 -
		continued
		30.03.43
		22.36		Surfaced.
		22.40		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  150°T, 2 nm.
		31.03.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FC 9778
			E 1-2, Sea 1, 2/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence
		01.26	FC 9773	Horizontally polarized detection on 140 cm, dived.
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FC 9773	Surfaced.
			E 1-2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, heavy marine phosphorescence, medium-bright night
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FC 9731
			E 2, Sea 1, 9/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, heavy marine phosphorescence
		09.30		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  80°T, 2 nm.
		10.12		Dived.
				Because the cloud deck is very unfavorable and in the previous night again air with detection, will remain submerged once again.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FC 9493	Day's run:  Surfaced 75 nm, Submerged 38 nm.
		16.00	"             FC 9545
		20.00	"             FC 9543
		22.28		Surfaced.
		01.04.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FC 9522
			NE 1-2, Sea 1, 6/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence and summer lightening
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FC 9265
			NE 1-2, Sea 0-1, 8/10, rain showers, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence, summer lightening
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FC 6892
			NE 1-2, Sea 0-1, 5/10, Vis. changing, marine phosphorescence and summer lightening

	Sun and Moon Data 30.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 31.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 01.04.43

	- 64 -
		continued
		01.04.43
		10.13 - 10.40		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FC 6835	Day's run:  Surfaced 121 nm, Submerged 34 nm.
			NE 1-2, Sea 0-1, 7/10, Vis. good	Finally again on the surface.  The climate was very unfavorable these past 7-1/2 weeks at the coast, dived by day, the crew was sometimes stressed to the limits of their physical capacity.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FC 6592
			E 2, Sea 1, 8/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  FC 6535
			ENE 1-2, Sea 1, 7/10, rain showers, Vis. good
		22.25		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  266°T, 20 nm.
		02.04.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FC 6282
			NE 2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FC 6225
			NE 2, Sea 1, 7/10, rain showers, Vis. changing, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  FC 3882
			NE 2, Sea 1, 5/10, rain showers, Vis. changing, marine phosphorescence
		12.00	Central Atlantic  FC 3825	Day's run:  Surfaced 162 nm, Submerged . / .
			NE 2, Sea 1, 5/10, rain showers, Vis. good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  FC 3558
			E 2, Sea 1-2, 9/10, rain showers, Vis. changing
		16.07		St. Paul's Rocks abeam to starboard, distance 800 meters.
		20.00	Central Atlantic  FC 3525
			E 2, Sea 1, 10/10, Vis. good
		03.04.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  FC 3258
			NE 2, Sea 1-2, 9/10, rain showers, Vis. changing, marine phosphorescence and summer lightening

	Sun and Moon Data 01.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 02.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 03.04.43

	- 65 -
		continued
		03.04.43
		04.00	Central Atlantic  FC 3222
			NE 2, Sea 1, 8/10, rain showers, Vis. good, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence and summer lightening.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  ER 9858
			NE 2, Sea 1, 8/10, rain showers, Vis. good, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence
		09.35		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  63°T, 10 nm.
		10.12 - 10.45		Test dive
		12.00	Central Atlantic  ER 9823	Day's run:  Surfaced 163 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			NE 3, Sea 2-3, 5/10, Vis. good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  ER 9556
			NE 3, Sea 2-3, 6/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  ER 9523
			NE 3, Sea 2-3, overcast, Vis. good
		04.04.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  ER 9259
			NE 3, Sea 2-3, 7/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  ER 9223
			NNE 2-3, Sea 1, 8/10, rain showers, Vis. good, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence and summer lightening
		08.00	Central Atlantic  ER 6859
			NNE 2, Sea 1-2, 6/10, Vis. good, strong marine phosphorescence
		10.08 - 10.40		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  ER 6826	Day's run:  Surfaced 154 nm, Submerged 2.5 nm.
			NNE 2, Sea 1, 7/10, Vis. good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  ER 6559
			NNE 2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  ER 6526
			N 2, Sea 1-2, 8/10, Vis. good
		22.30		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  291°T, 20 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 03.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 04.04.43

	- 66 -
		05.04.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  ER 6256
			NNE 3, Sea 2, 2/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  ER 3874
			NNE 3, Sea 2, 2/10, Vis. good, marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  ER 3846
			NNE 2-3, Sea 1-2, 2/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night
		09.30		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  90°T, 10 nm.
		10.04 - 10.44		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  ER 3588	Day's run:  Surfaced 162 nm, Submerged 2.5 nm.
			NNE 2-3, Sea 1-2, 6/10, Vis. good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  ER 3555
			NNE 2-3, Sea 1-2, 2/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  ER 3288
			NNE 2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good
		06.04.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  ER 3252
			NNE 2-3, Sea 2, 4/10, Vis. good, marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  EH 9888
			NNE 2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. medium to good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  EH 9852
			NNE 2, Sea 1, 1/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.30		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  64°T, 7 nm.
		10.11 - 10.41		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  EH 9586	Day's run:  Surfaced 166 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			NE 2-3m Sea 1-2, 8/10, Vis. good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  EH 9553
			NE 2, Sea 1-2, 6/10, Vis. good
		17.30		Incoming Radio Message 1636/6/313:
				"Wissmann" head for square DH 44.  Approximately in the vicinity of the named square supply from U-117 on April 15.

	Sun and Moon Data 05.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 06.04.43

	- 67 -
		continued
		06.04.43
		20.00	Central Atlantic  EH 9286
			NE 2, Sea 1-2, 5/10, Vis. good
		22.35		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  215°T, 6 nm.
		07.04.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  EH 9252
			NE 2, Sea 1-2, 6/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  EH 6888
			NNE 2, Sea 1, 3/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  EH 6852
			NNE 1-2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.30		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  260°T, 4 nm.
		10.06 - 10.30		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  EH 6587	Day's run:  Surfaced 166 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			NNE 2, Sea 1, 6/10, Vis. good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  EH 6551
			NNE 3, Sea 2, 6/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  EH 6287
			NNE 3, Sea 2, 7/10, Vis. good
		22.40		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  266°T, 10 nm.
		08.04.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  EH 6243
			NE 3, Sea 2, 8/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  EH 3876
			NE 3, Sea 2, 6/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  EH 3843
			NE 3, Sea 2, 5/10, Vis. medium, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.25		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  140°T, 10 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 06.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 07.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 08.04.43

	- 68 -
		continued
		08.04.43
		10.08 - 10.49		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  EH 3822	Day's run:  Surfaced 162 nm, Submerged 2.5 nm.
			NE 3, Sea 2, 4/10, Vis. good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  EH 3558
			NE 4-5, Sea 3, 5/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  EH 3525
			NE 4, Sea 3, 8/10, Vis. good
		09.04.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  EH 3282
			NE 4, Sea 3, 9/10, Vis. medium, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  EH 3228
			NE 3-4, Sea 3, 7/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  DS 9882
			NE 3-4, Sea 3, 8/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.25		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  240°T, 4 nm.
		10.06 - 10.38		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  DS 9852	Day's run:  Surfaced 143 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			NE 3, Sea 2, 5/10, Vis. good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  DS 9589
			NE 3, Sea 2, 7/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  DS 9568
			NE 3, Sea 2, 8/10, Vis. good
		10.04.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  DS 9611
			NE 3-4, Sea 2-3, 9/10, Vis. medium to good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  DS 9373
			NE 3, Sea 2, 9/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence

	Sun and Moon Data 08.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 09.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 10.04.43

	- 69 -
		continued
		10.04.43
		08.00	Central Atlantic  DS 9352
			NE 3, Sea 2, 4/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.58 - 10.35		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  DE 6989	Day's run:  Surfaced 141 nm, Submerged 1.5 nm.
			NE 3-4, Sea 3, 9/10, Vis. good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  DS 6968
			NE 3-4, Sea 3, 5/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  DT 4714
			NE 3, Sea 2, 5/10, Vis. good
		22.40		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  213°T, 6 nm.
		11.04.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  DT 4478
			NE 3, Sea 2, 5/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  DT 4454
			NE 2-3, Sea 2, 8/10, dark night, faint marine phosphorescence, Vis. changing
		08.00	Central Atlantic  DT 4425
			NE 3-4, Sea 2-3, 9/10, Vis. changing, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence
		09.56 - 10.26		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  DT 4194	Day's run:  Surfaced 136 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			NE 4, Sea 3, overcast, Vis. good
		16.00	Central Atlantic  DT 4163
			NE 3, Sea 2-3, 8/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  DT 1878
			NE 3-4, Sea 3, 9/10, Vis. good
		22.30		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  60°T, 1 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 10.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 11.04.43

	- 70 -
		12.04.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  DT 1849
			NE 3-4, Sea 3, overcast, Vis. good, dark night, marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  DT 1828
			NNE 3-4, Sea 3, overcast, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence
		08.00	Central Atlantic  DT 1597
			NNE 4, Sea 3, overcast, Vis. good, dark night, faint marine phosphorescence
		09.49 - 10.27		Test dive.
		12.00	Central Atlantic  DT 1568	Day's run:  Surfaced 130 nm, Submerged 2 nm.
			NNE 4, Sea 3, overcast, Vis. good	Incoming Radio Message 0924/12/391:
				To "Neumann".  Report arrival square DH 4455.  There supply "Wissmann" for economical return transit plus a cable.  After completion "Neumann" go to square DG 8555.
		16.00	Central Atlantic  DT 1614
			NNE 3-4, Sea 2-3, 8/10, Vis. good
		20.00	Central Atlantic  DT 1376
			NNE 3, Sea 2-3, overcast, Vis. good
		13.04.43
		00.00	Central Atlantic  DT 1354
			NNE 3, Sea 2-3, overcast, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Central Atlantic  DT 1323
			NNE 3-4, Sea 3, overcast, Vis. good, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		05.01		Incoming Radio Message 0431/13/305:
				"Neumann" is expected at the meeting point on 16 April 09.00 hours.  Short Signal heard with Volume 5.
		08.00	Central Atlantic  DG 9881
			NNE 3, Sea 3, overcast, rain showers, Vis. good
		09.43 - 10.22		Test dive.
		12.00	North Atlantic  DG 9852	Day's run:  Surfaced 128 nm, Submerged 2.5 nm.
			NNE 3, Sea 2-3, 8/10, Vis. good
		16.00	North Atlantic  DG 9823
			NNE 4, Sea 3, 9/10, Vis. good
		20.00	North Atlantic  DG 9568
			NNE 4-5, Sea 3-4, 7/10, Vis. good
		22.30		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  333°T, 14 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 12.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 13.04.43

	- 71 -
		14.04.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  DG 9532
			NNE 5, Sea 4, 7/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, faint marine phosphorescence
		04.00	North Atlantic  DG 9269
			NNE 3-4. Sea 3, 8/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence
		08.00	North Atlantic  DG 9318
			NNE 3-4, Sea 3, 8/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence
		08.40		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  40°T, 4 nm.
		09.29 - 10.07		Test dive.
		12.00	North Atlantic  DG 6988	Day's run:  Surfaced 131 nm, Submerged 2.5 nm.
			N 4-5, Sea 3-4, 3/10, Vis. good	Incoming Radio Message 1059/14/322:
				"Scheibe" on 16 April in square DH 4455 give about 10 men to "Wissmann" and the remainder of "Sturm" crew split with U-159.  Thereafter all boats return transit.  U-159 report completion.
		16.00	North Atlantic  DG 6967
			NE 4, Sea 3, 4/10, Vis. good
		20.00	North Atlantic  DG 6939
			N 4, Sea 3, 5/10, Vis. good
		22.20		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  195°T, 14 nm.
		15.04.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  DH 4741
			N 3, Sea 3, 10/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	North Atlantic  DH 4718
			NNE 2-3, Sea 2, 7/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence
		08.00	North Atlantic  DH 4716
			NNE 2-3, Sea 2, 9/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, marine phosphorescence
		09.37		Dived, because just off the supply square, proceeding submerged.
		12.00	North Atlantic  DH 4721	Day's run:  Surfaced 82 nm, Submerged 8 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 14.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 15.04.43

	- 72 -
		continued
		15.04.43
		12.11 - 12.37		Boat ventilated.
		15.52		Surfaced to ventilate.
		16.00	North Atlantic  DH 4487
		16.30		Dived.
		20.00	North Atlantic  DH 4485
		22.16		Surfaced.
		22.35		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  320°T, 6 nm.
		16.04.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  DH 4451
			NNE 1, Sea 0-1, 8/10, Vis. good, moonlit night
		04.00	North Atlantic  DH 4184
			N 0-1, Sea 0, overcast, rain showers, moonlit night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	North Atlantic  DH 4452
			N 0-1, Sea 0, overcast, rain showers, Vis. medium, hazy, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.50	DH 4455	Positioned in the center of the supply square.  Dawn begins.
		08.55		2 U-boats in sight, starboard astern bearing 130°R, 310°T.
				Recognition signals exchanged with U-159.  The other boat is U-117.
		10.00		Fuel oil transfer begins with U-117.
		12.00	North Atlantic  DH 4453	Day's run:  Surfaced 89 nm, Submerged 22 nm.
			N 1, Sea 0-1, 8/10, Vis. good
		12.30		35 cbm fuel oil, 1 Fu.M.B. antenna and small quantity of provisions taken over from U-117.
		13.10		Begin transfer of lubricating oil and provisions from U-159 and U-455.
		16.00	North Atlantic  DH 4455	12 men of the "Sturm" crew are taken over from U-455.
			N 1, Sea 0-1, 7/10, Vis. good
		16.10		Lubricating oil and provisions supplied by U-159 and U-455.  Continued return transit.
		17.20 - 18.11		Test dive.

	Sun and Moon Data 15.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 16.04.43

	- 73 -
		continued
		16.04.43
		20.00	North Atlantic  DH 4422
			N 1-2, Sea 1, 7/10, Vis. good
		17.04.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  DH 4155
			N 1-2, Sea 1, 9/10, rain showers, Vis. changing, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	North Atlantic  DH 1788
			N 2, Sea 1-2, 6/10, Vis. changing, no marine phosphorescence
		08.00	North Atlantic  DH 1755
			N 2, Sea 1, 7/10, rain showers, Vis. changing, moonlit
		09.17 - 09.45		Test dive.
		12.00	North Atlantic  DH 1722	Day's run:  Surfaced 143 nm, Submerged 5 nm.
			E 1-2, Sea 1, 8/10, Vis. good
		16.00	North Atlantic  DH 1458
			E 1-2, Sea 1, 6/10, Vis. good
		16.14		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  190°T, 7 nm.
		20.00	North Atlantic  DH 1425
			E 1-2, Sea 1, 8/10, rain showers, Vis. good
		18.04.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  DH 1158
			ENE 2, Sea 1-2, 7/10, Vis. changing, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	North Atlantic  DH 1125
			E 1-2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, marine phosphorescence
		08.00	North Atlantic  CF 7958
			E 1-2, Sea 1, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit, no marine phosphorescence
		09.08 - 09.47		Test dive.

	Sun and Moon Data 16.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 17.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 18.04.43

	- 74 -
		continued
		18.04.43
		12.00	North Atlantic  CF 7922	Day's run:  Surfaced 163 nm, Submerged 2.5 nm.
			NE 1-2, Sea 1, 7/10, Vis. good
		16.00	North Atlantic  CF 7652
			NE 2-3, Sea 1-2, 8/10, rain showers, Vis. changing, hazy
		16.30		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  350°T, 3 nm.
		16.55	CF 7625	Shadow in sight ahead to port in the haze, bearing 350°T.  Turned away hard and ran off to the limit of visibility.
				Shadow is a steamer, freighter of about 5000 GRT.  Bow left 100°, range 5000 meters.
				Nothing more distinguished in the haze.
				Steamer steers a W-course, runs at medium speed, does not zig zag.
		17.12		In actual fact, the steamer can only be a neutral, nevertheless maneuvered ahead, to identify exactly submerged.
		19.23		Positioned ahead of the steamer, about 10 nm away.  Dived.  Let him come on.
		19.50		At periscope depth, steamer in sight, course 270°, speed 10 knots.
		20.00	North Atlantic  CF 7532
		20.30		Steamer is from Switzerland, chartered Greek steamer "MOUNT AETNA" with perfect markings, empty, on the way to the west via the Spanish route.  Pity.
		20.40		Turned away, ran off.
		21.38		Surfaced.
		19.04.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  CF 7293
			NE 2, Sea 1-2, 8/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	North Atlantic  CF 7317
			NNE 3, Sea 2, 4/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		08.00	North Atlantic  CF 4975
			NNE 2-3, Sea 2, 8/10, rain showers, Vis. changing, moonlit night

	Sun and Moon Data 18.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 19.04.43

	- 75 -
		continued
		19.04.43
		09.13 - 09.47		Test dive.
		12.00	North Atlantic  CF 4951	Day's run:  Surfaced 170 nm, Submerged 9.5 nm.
			N 2-3, Sea 2, 9/10, rain showers, Vis. changing
		16.00	North Atlantic  CF 4683
			NE 3, Sea 2, 8/10, Vis. good
		16.02		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  20°T, 2.5 nm.
				Incoming Radio Message 1237/19/109:
				Return harbor for U-159, "Wissmann", "Würdemann", "Wiebe" is Lorient, for "Scheibe" Nazaire.
				- F.d.U. West -
		20.00	North Atlantic  CF 4632
			W 1-2, Sea 0-1, 8/10, Vis. good
		20.04.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  CF 5141
			W 1-2, Sea 0-1, 6/10, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	North Atlantic  CF 2773
			NNE 1-2, Sea 1, 9/10, rain showers, moonlit night, Vis. changing
		08.00	North Atlantic  CF 2722
			N 0-1, Sea 0, 8/10, Vis. good
		11.22		Dived.
				Proceeded submerged because the cloudiness is very unfavorable and the sea is mirror flat.
		12.00	North Atlantic  CF 2467	Day's run:  Surfaced 212 nm, Submerged 1 nm.
		14.58 - 15.34		Boat ventilated.
		16.00	North Atlantic  CF 2463
		17.58 - 18.18		Boat ventilated.
		20.00	North Atlantic  CF 2518
		22.49		Surfaced.

	Sun and Moon Data 19.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 20.04.43

	- 76 -
		21.04.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  CF 2522
			Wind calm, Sea 0, overcast, rain showers, Vis. changing, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		04.00	North Atlantic  CF 2375
			N 1, Sea 0-1, 9/10, Vis. changing, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		08.00	North Atlantic  DF 2365
			SE 0-1, Sea 0, 8/10, Vis. good, moonlit
		08.51		Dived.  Proceeded submerged.
		12.00	North Atlantic  CF 3141	Day's run:  Surfaced 94.5 nm, Submerged 40.5 nm.
		16.00	"            CF 3119
		20.00	"            CF 3127
		22.43		Surfaced.
		22.04.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  CF 3131
			NW 5, Sea 4, overcast, rain showers, Vis. changing, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		01.20		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  90°T, 14 nm.
		04.00	North Atlantic  BE 8983
			NW 3, Sea 2, overcast, Vis. good, moonlit night, no marine phosphorescence
		08.00	North Atlantic  BE 9742
			NNW 1-2, Sea 1, overcast, rain, Vis. changing, moonlit
		08.13		Dived.  Proceed submerged.
		12.00	North Atlantic  BE 9743	Day's run:  Surfaced 96 nm, Submerged 36 nm.
		16.00	"            BE 9727
		20.00	"            BE 9725
		22.39		Surfaced.

	Sun and Moon Data 21.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 22.04.43

	- 77 -
		23.04.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  BE 9732
			SW 2, Sea 1, overcast, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, heavy marine phosphorescence
		04.00	North Atlantic  BE 9581
			SW 2, Sea 1-2, overcast, rain showers, Vis. medium, moonlit night, faint marine phosphorescence
		08.00	North Atlantic  BE 9563
			SSW 2-3, Sea 2, overcast, hazy, Vis. medium
		08.07		Dived.  Proceeded submerged.
		12.00	North Atlantic  BE 9641	Day's run:  Surfaced 93.5 nm, Submerged 36.5 nm.
		16.00	"            BE 9618
		20.00	"            BE 9624
		22.24		Surfaced.
		22.30		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  180°T, 19 nm.
		24.04.43
		00.00	North Atlantic  BE 9653
			NNW 2-3, Sea 2, 3/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, heavy marine phosphorescence
		04.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 7413
			NW 1-2, Sea 1, 5/10, Vis. good, faint marine phosphorescence
		06.50		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  145°T, 3 nm.
		07.08		Dived.  Proceeded submerged.
		08.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 7195
		12.00	"             BF 7274	Day's run:  Surfaced 85 nm, Submerged 39 nm.
		16.00	"             BF 7272
		20.00	"             BF 7257
		22.23		Surfaced.
		25.04.43
		00.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 7264
			SW 2, Sea 1-2, 9/10, Vis. medium, hazy, medium-bright night

	Sun and Moon Data 23.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 24.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 25.04.43

	- 78 -
		continued
		25.04.43
		04.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 7325
			SW 2, Sea 1-2, 9/10, Vis. medium, medium-bright night, faint marine phosphorescence
		06.05		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  220°T, 3 nm.
		07.08		Dived.  Proceeded submerged.
		08.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 4987
		12.00	"             BF 4985	Day's run:  Surfaced 87 nm, Submerged 38 nm.
		16.00	"             BF 4991
		20.00	"             BF 4968
		22.16		Surfaced.
		22.25		Difference between dead reckoning and actual position after a navigation fix:  90°T, 3 nm.
		26.04.43
		00.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 5742
			W 2-3, Sea 2, 3/10, Vis. medium, heavy marine phosphorescence, medium-bright night
		04.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 5497
			W 1, Sea 2, 2/10, Vis. medium, heavy marine phosphorescence, medium-bright night
		06.33		Dived.  Proceeded submerged.
		08.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 5574
		12.00	"             BF 5572	Day's run:  Surfaced 84 nm, Submerged 38 nm.
		16.00	"             BF 5547
		20.00	"             BF 5547
		22.24		Surfaced.
		27.04.43
		00.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 5543
			NNW 1-2, Sea 1-2, 5/10, Vis. medium, faint marine phosphorescence, medium-bright night
		04.00	Bay of Biscay  BF 5533
			NW 2, Sea 1, 6/10, Vis. good, medium-bright night, heavy marine phosphorescence

	Sun and Moon Data 25.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 26.04.43
	Sun and Moon Data 27.04.43

	- 79 -
		continued
		27.04.43
		06.20		Point Laterne.  Taken in convoy.
		08.00	Lorient Approaches
			NNW 1-2, Sea 0-1, 3/10, Vis. good
		08.20		Released from convoy.
		08.46	Lorient-Keroman	Made fast Bunker K 17.
				Day's run:  Surfaced 100 nm, Submerged 26 nm.
				2nd War Patrol ended.
				Completed, 27 April 1943
				Kapitänleutnant
				and Kommandant

Sun and Moon Data 27.04.43

	Enclosures to U-518's KTB - click on the text at left to proceed to the document
Chart	Track chart covering entire war patrol                11 January - 27 April 1943
KTBMasch	KTB Maschine

Commentary of the Befehlshabers der Unterseeboote
to the K.T.B. of "U-518" (Wißmann) from 16.12.43 - 27.4.43.
1.) Concerning the operation on the independent on 11 February:   When the boat surfaced, the steamer could no longer be seen, even by plotting.  Boat should have kept in visual contact through the periscope.  The one-hour pursuit was too short.  By plotting the steamer could still not be heard.   The operation was not tenacious enough.     2.) Concerning the attack on the independent on 18 February:   The first fan was fired at too great range.     3.) Concerning the convoy operation 28 February - 2 March:  The good attack opportunity at the sighting of the convoy should have been used.  Maintain visual contact, surface as soon as possible.  The time up to moonrise should have been used for attacking and not for searching.  All shots were made at too great a range.  The irregular run of the torpedoes which may have been to a lack of care would not have had such a crucial effect at lower range.  The decision to give up the convoy was wrong.  There lay the greatest opportunity.  Before an aircraft, the boat proceeding at periscope depth does not need to go deep.  The pursuit was too timid.     4.) Concerning the convoy sighting on 18 March:  The boat should have surfaced and pursued.  The assumption of active air surveillance must not lead to inactivity.     5.) Concerning the convoy attack on 19 March:  One must be able to disregard whether or not the moon sets in a quarter of an hour and dark clouds cover the sky.  The chance to reach attack position at the convoy or later on the independent was not exploited.       The Kommandant, proven on his 1st war patrol, perhaps under influence of the climate, may not have understood to exploit the great opportunities which nowadays are rarely presented to a boat.  The commander must find within himself the attitude displayed on the first war patrol.     Accredited Successes:   1 Freighter 8000 GRT sunk. 1 Freighter 7000 GRT sunk. 1 Tanker 7659 GRT sunk. 1 Steamer 1688 GRT sunk.
	For the Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote
	- The Chief of the Operations Department -

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